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Ndị Nchọpụta Ahụike nke Ahụike

Ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ahụike - anyị na-anụ maka ha oge niile, mana gịnị bụ n'ezie? N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, ha bụ ihe ndị gbara anyị gburugburu - karịa omume ọma - nke na-ekpebi nsonaazụ ahụike anyị. Ha bụ ọnọdụ ndị amụrụ anyị n'ime; ebe anyi na aru oru, ebe anyi bi, na nka n’agadi, nke n’emebi ndu anyi.1 Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị maara na ị smokingụ sịga na-eme ka ohere ị nwere kansa cancer, mana ị maara na ihe dịka ebe ị bi, ikuku ị na-eku ume, nkwado mmekọrịta mmadụ na agụmakwụkwọ gị nwekwara ike imetụta ahụike gị dum?

Ahụ Ike 2030 achọpụtala ụzọ sara mbara ise nke ndị na -ekpebi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ahụike - ma ọ bụ SDoH - iji “chọpụta ụzọ isi mepụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nke anụ ahụ nke na -akwalite ezi ahụike maka mmadụ niile.” Ngalaba ndị a bụ 1) agbataobi anyị na gburugburu ebe obibi, 2) ahụike na nlekọta ahụike, 3) ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, 4) agụmakwụkwọ, na 5) nkwụsi ike akụ na ụba.1 Otu n'ime edemede ndị a nwere mmetụta dị mma na ahụike anyị niile.

Ka anyị jiri COVID-19 dịka ọmụmaatụ. Anyị maara na ọ kacha emetụta obodo ndị pere mpe.2 Anyị makwaara na obodo ndị a na-agba mbọ inweta ọgwụ mgbochi.3,4,5 Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke otu gburugburu ebe anyị wuru nwere ike isi metụta nsonaazụ ahụike anyị. Ọtụtụ ndị pere mpe bi na mpaghara na-abaghị ọgaranya, o yikarịrị ka ha nwere ọrụ dị mkpa ma ọ bụ "n'ihu", yana enwechaghị ohere ịnweta akụrụngwa na nlekọta ahụike. Mmejọ ndị SDoH ndị a enyerela aka na ọnụọgụgụ nke ikpe COVID-19 na ọnwụ n'etiti ndị otu pere mpe na United States.6

Nsogbu mmiri na Flint, Michigan bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke otu SDoH si arụ ọrụ na ahụike anyị niile. Healthtù Ahụ Ike Worldwa na-arụ ụka na SDoH bụ nke ekesara site na nkesa ego, ike, na akụrụngwa, ọnọdụ dị na Flint bụ ezigbo ihe atụ. Na 2014, isi iyi mmiri nke Flint si na Lake Huron - nke Detroit Water and Sewage Department na - achịkwa - Flint River.

Mmiri dị na Osimiri Flint na-emebi emebi, e nweghịkwa ihe e mere iji gwọ mmiri ahụ na igbochi opu na kemikal ndị ọzọ siri ike ịpụ site na ọkpọkọ ma banye na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ. Ndu bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, ma ọ bụrụ na ị edụọ ya, ọ na-edebe ya n'ọkpụkpụ anyị, n'ọbara anyị na anụ ahụ anyị.7 Enweghị ọkwa "nchekwa" nke ikpughe ndu, yana mmebi ya na ahụ mmadụ agaghị agbanwe agbanwe. N’ebe ụmụaka nọ, ogologo oge ọ na-ekpughe ihe na-ebute igbu oge na mmepe, mmụta, na uto, ma na-emebi ụbụrụ na usoro ụjọ. Na ndị okenye, ọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa obi na akụrụ, ọbara mgbali elu, ma belata ọmụmụ.

Olee otú nke a si mee? Maka ndị na-ebido ya, ndị isi obodo chọrọ isi iyi mmiri dị ọnụ ala karịa n'ihi ụkọ ego. Flint bụ obodo dara ogbenye, nke kachasị oji. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 40% nke ndị bi na ya dara ogbenye.9 N'ihi ọnọdụ karịrị akarị nke ha na - enweghị isi - enweghị ego obodo, na ndị isi họọrọ "ịche-na-ahụ ụzọ10 kama idozi okwu ahụ ozugbo - ihe dịka mmadụ 140,000 na-a drankụ mmiri, na-asa ahụ, ma jiri ya na mmiri na-ebute mmiri maka otu afọ. Ekwuwapụtara ọnọdụ mberede na 2016, mana ndị bi na Flint ga-ebi na nsonaazụ nsị nsị na ndụ ha niile. Ikekwe ọtụtụ nsogbu bụ eziokwu na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 25% nke ndị bi na Flint bụ ụmụaka.

Nsogbu mmiri Flint bụ oke, mana ihe atụ dị mkpa nke otu SDoH nwere ike isi metụta ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na obodo. Ọtụtụ mgbe, SDoH anyị na-ezute adịghị njọ, enwere ike ijikwa ya site na agụmakwụkwọ na ịkwado. Yabụ, kedu ihe anyị nwere ike ime dị ka nzukọ iji jikwaa SDoH na-emetụta ndị otu anyị? Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Medicaid dị ka Colorado Access nwere ike na-arụsi ọrụ ike iji jikwaa ndị otu SDoH. Ndị nlekọta na-elekọta na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịkụziri ndị òtù, ịmata mkpa ha, na ịnye ndị na-enyefe ihe enyemaka iji belata ihe mgbochi na nlekọta. Mgbalị mmemme anyị na ahụ ike anyị na-ezube ime ka ihe mgbochi kwụsị iji lekọta ma melite nsonaazụ ahụike. Na nzukọ a na ndị mmekọ obodo na ụlọ ọrụ steeti na-arụkọ ọrụ oge niile iji kwado maka mkpa ndị otu anyị.

References

  1. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html
  3. https://abc7ny.com/nyc-covid-vaccine-coronavirus-updates-update/10313967/
  4. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/01/covid-vaccine-racial-disparities-464387
  5. https://gazette.com/news/ethnic-disparities-emerge-in-colorado-s-first-month-of-covid-19-vaccinations/article_271cdd1e-591b-11eb-b22c-b7a136efa0d6.html
  6. COVID-19 Agbụrụ na agbụrụ agbụrụ (cdc.gov)
  7. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/lead/health.html
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6309965/
  9. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/flintcitymichigan/PST045219
  10. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis