Kusintha Zambiri ndi Kusintha Sayansi

Tsopano ndakalamba mokwanira kuti ndawonapo chithandizo chamankhwala chikusintha ndikusintha kwakukulu. Kuchokera pa chithandizo cha matenda a mtima, kusintha kwa kusamalira kupweteka kwa msana, komanso chisamaliro cha HIV, mankhwala akupitilizabe kusintha ndikusintha momwe timaphunzirira ndikugwiritsa ntchito umboni wowongolera chithandizo.

Umboni? Ndikukumbukira zokambirana zambiri ndi odwala omwe amamva kuti kungonena za "umboni wokhudzana ndi umboni" kapena EBM, chinali chiyambi chouziridwa kuti sangapeze china chomwe akufuna.

Zomwe zasintha pantchito yanga ndi kayendedwe ka malingaliro amomwe timasamalirira mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku "malingaliro a anzawo," kutanthauza kuti akatswiri "akuganiza bwino" anali kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku (mayesero olamuliridwa ndi anthu, ngati zingatheke) kufananizira chithandizo A kuchipatala B.

Chovuta: kusintha. Zomwe timadziwa zimasintha nthawi zonse. Sayansi ikupitilizabe kusintha ndipo tikupitiliza kuphunzira tsiku lililonse.

Chifukwa chake, tsopano tili ndi COVID-19.

Mofulumira, kafukufukuyu akufufuza mbali iliyonse ya matenda opatsiranawa. Izi zikuphatikiza chilichonse kuyambira momwe timachizira matenda akuchedwa ku ICU mpaka momwe tingapewere mokwanira kuti anthu asatenge kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa koyambirira. Tikuyesetsanso kumvetsetsa zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha munthu pazotsatira zoyipa kwambiri. Zitsanzo zikuwonekera, ndipo zambiri zidzafika.

Dera limodzi lomwe limasamalidwa kwambiri ndikupanga ma antibodies m'thupi. Pali njira ziwiri zopangira ma antibodies ku virus. Titha kuwalandira titatenga kachilomboka (poganiza kuti sitinatenge matendawa) kapena timalandira katemera yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala "ochepetsedwa" ndi kachilomboka. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe kachilombo ka HIV kachepetsedwera ("de-fanged"), koma kumawonjezera kuyankha kwa antibody.

Apa ndi pamene zochita zonse zili… pompano.

Zomwe tikudziwa mpaka pano ndikuti COVID-19 imapanga mankhwala oteteza ku matenda, koma monga adafotokozera mu Journal magazi pa Okutobala 1, ma antibodies amangokhala, kapena kuyamba kutha pafupifupi miyezi itatu kapena inayi chitadwalicho. Komanso, zikuwoneka kuti matendawa akakhala owopsa, kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies kumatulutsa.

Tsopano tikumva zakutheka kwa katemera yemwe angagwire ntchito kudzera mu RNA wa khungu lomwe limawoneka kuti limapanga chitetezo pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pa mlingo wachiwiri. Izi zitha kusintha masewera. Chenjezo linanso ndiloti zidziwitso ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi ena ndipo anthu ambiri akuyenera kuphunziridwa kuti awunikire zoyipa zomwe zingachitike. Ngakhale zitheka, kupezeka kwa anthu onse kumatha kukhala miyezi ingapo. Katemera akayamba kupezeka komanso pamene tikufunika, tifunika kuyika patsogolo ogwira ntchito kutsogolo ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo kuchipatala.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa ine monga wopereka chisamaliro choyambirira? Oweruza milandu adakalipo, koma ndikuganiza kuti COVID-19 itha kukhala ngati chimfine ndipo imafuna katemera wapachaka. Izi zikutanthauzanso kuti njira zina zodzitetezera monga kusamba m'manja, masks, kusanjika manja pankhope, ndikukhala kunyumba mukadwala zipitilizabe kukhala zofunikira. Ngakhale zingakhale zabwino, sindikuganiza kuti izi zidzakhala zochitika "zokhazokha". Kwa onse a COVID-19 ndi chimfine, ndizotheka kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena asanakumane ndi zisonyezo zilizonse. Anthu amatha kufalitsa COVID-19 kwa masiku pafupifupi awiri asanakumane ndi zizindikilo ndipo amakhala opatsirana kwa masiku osachepera khumi zitayamba kuwonekera. (Anthu omwe ali ndi chimfine nthawi zambiri amapatsirana tsiku limodzi asanawonetse zizindikiro ndipo amapatsirana kwa masiku pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri.)

Komanso, mfundo yofunika, malinga ndi ofufuzawo, ndikuti kuzimitsa mliri wa COVID-19, katemerayu ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 80%, ndipo anthu 75% ayenera kulandira. Chifukwa katemera wambiri wa katemera akuwoneka kuti sangachitike posachedwa, njira zina monga kutalikirana pakati pa anthu ndi kuvala maski mwina zitha kukhala njira zofunika zodzitetezera mtsogolo. (Gwero: Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Ferguson MC, et al. Kugwiritsa ntchito katemera kofunikira pa katemera wa COVID-19 coronavirus kuti ateteze kapena kuletsa mliri ngati njira yokhayo yolowerera. Ndine J Prev Med. 2020;59(4):493−503.)

Kuphatikiza apo, tikakhala ndi katemera, monganso chimfine, padzakhala kusankha kwa omwe akuyenera kulandira katemerayu komanso motsatira ndondomeko yake. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine idalongosola malingaliro pakugawana katemera wa COVID-19, kuyitanitsa ogwira ntchito zazaumoyo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso oyankha oyamba kulandira mankhwala oyamba, kutsatiridwa ndi okalamba omwe ali m'malo ngati nyumba zosungira anthu okalamba ndi achikulire omwe alipo kale mikhalidwe yomwe imawaika pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka. Gululi lati mayiko ndi mizinda ikuyang'ana kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu akumayiko ochepa akupeza mwayi komanso kuti United States izithandizira kupeza ndalama kumayiko omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa.

Monga dokotala wazachipatala pabanja, ndimayesetsa nthawi zonse kukumbukira zomwe walangizi wina adandiuza zaka zapitazo: "Ndondomeko ndiyabwino kwambiri masiku ano." Tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu pazomwe tikudziwa tsopano, ndikukhala okonzeka (ndi otseguka) kuzidziwitso zatsopano ndi kuphunzira. Chinthu chimodzi ndichakuti, kusintha kumakhala kosasintha.