“Moyo Wekha,” Kapena Kodi Ndapsinjika Maganizo?
October ndi mwezi wabwino kwambiri. Usiku wozizira, masamba akutembenuka, ndi zokometsera zonse za dzungu.
Komanso ndi mwezi umene waikidwa pambali kuti tiziganizira za umoyo wathu wa m’maganizo. Ngati muli ngati ine, ndikuganiza kuti masiku aafupi ndi mausiku atali sizomwe mumakonda. Pamene tikuyembekezera nyengo yozizira m'tsogolo, kuganizira za momwe tingapirire ndi thanzi lathu lamaganizo ndizomveka. Zomwe izi zingatanthauze ndikulolera kuyang'aniridwa momwe thanzi lathu lamalingaliro likuchitira.
Kufunika koyezetsa matenda amisala kumadziwika bwino. Pafupifupi theka la matenda amisala amayamba ndi zaka 14 ndi 75% pofika zaka 24, malinga ndi National Association of Mental Health. Kuwunika ndi kuzindikira zovuta zoyambira kumathandiza kukonza zotsatira. Tsoka ilo, pali kuchedwa kwapakati kwa zaka 11 pakati pa zizindikiro zoyamba kuwonekera ndikuchitapo kanthu.
Muzondichitikira zanga, pakhoza kukhala kukana kochulukira kuwunika zinthu monga kupsinjika maganizo. Ambiri amaopa kulembedwa mayina ndi kusalidwa. Ena, monga m’badwo wa makolo anga, anakhulupirira kuti malingaliro kapena zizindikiro zimenezi zinali “moyo chabe” ndi kachitidwe koyenera ku mavuto. Odwala nthawi zina amakhulupirira kuti kupsinjika maganizo si matenda "enieni" koma kwenikweni ndi vuto linalake. Pomaliza, ambiri amangokayikira za kufunikira kapena kufunika kwa chithandizo. Ngati mumaganizira, zizindikiro zambiri za kuvutika maganizo, monga kudziimba mlandu, kutopa, ndi kudziona kuti ndinu munthu wosafunika, zikhoza kukulepheretsani kupeza chithandizo.
Kuvutika maganizo kuli ponseponse ku United States. Pakati pa 2009 ndi 2012, 8% ya anthu azaka 12 kapena kuposerapo adanena kuti anali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo kwa milungu yoposa iwiri. Kupsinjika maganizo ndiko kuzindikirika kwakukulu kwa maulendo 8 miliyoni kumaofesi a dotolo, zipatala, ndi zipinda zadzidzidzi chaka chilichonse. Kupsinjika maganizo kumakhudza odwala m'njira zambiri. Amakhala ndi mwayi wodwala matenda a mtima kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa omwe alibe kupsinjika maganizo.
Monga momwe tikuonera, kuvutika maganizo ndi matenda a maganizo omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Monga wothandizira wamkulu kwazaka makumi angapo, mumazindikira mwachangu kuti odwala samabwera kunena kuti, "Ndakhumudwa." Mwachiwonekere, amawonekera ndi zomwe timatcha zizindikiro za somatic. Izi ndi zinthu monga mutu, mavuto a msana, kapena kupweteka kosalekeza. Ngati tilephera kuyesa kupsinjika maganizo, ndi 50% yokha yomwe imadziwika.
Kupsinjika maganizo kukakhalabe kosathandizidwa, kungayambitse kutsika kwa moyo, zotsatira zoipa ndi matenda aakulu monga matenda a shuga kapena matenda, komanso chiopsezo chodzipha. Komanso, zotsatira za kupsinjika maganizo zimapitirira kuposa wodwala aliyense, zomwe zimasokoneza mabwenzi, olemba ntchito, ndi ana.
Pali zodziwika zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mudzakhumudwa, koma mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zikuphatikizapo kuvutika maganizo m'mbuyomo, zaka zaunyamata, mbiri ya banja, kubadwa kwa mwana, kupwetekedwa mtima kwa ubwana, zochitika zaposachedwa, kusamalidwa bwino ndi anthu, ndalama zochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi dementia.
Kupsinjika maganizo sikumangokhalira kukhumudwa. Nthawi zambiri zikutanthauza kuti mumakhala ndi zizindikiro pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwa milungu iwiri kapena kupitilira apo. Zingaphatikizepo kukhumudwa, kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zanthawi zonse, kugona tulo, kuchepa mphamvu, kusaganizira kwambiri, kudziona kuti ndiwe wachabechabe, kapena kuganiza zodzipha.
Nanga bwanji achikulire?
Oposa 80% mwa anthu azaka 65 kapena kuposerapo amakhala ndi matenda amodzi osatha. Makumi awiri ndi asanu peresenti ali ndi zinayi kapena kuposerapo. Zomwe akatswiri amisala amatcha "kukhumudwa kwakukulu" zimachitika pafupifupi 2% ya achikulire. Tsoka ilo, zina mwazizindikirozi zimanenedwa pazikhalidwe zina m'malo mwachisoni.
Kwa anthu okalamba, zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti munthu adwale matenda a maganizo amaphatikizapo kusungulumwa, kulephera kugwira ntchito, matenda atsopano, kusowa chochita chifukwa cha kusankhana mitundu kapena ukalamba, matenda a mtima, kumwa mankhwala, kupweteka kosalekeza, ndi chisoni chifukwa cha imfa.
Kuwunika
Madokotala ambiri akusankha kuchita njira ziwiri zowunikira kuti adziwe odwala omwe angakhale ovutika maganizo. Zida zodziwika bwino ndi PHQ-2 ndi PHQ-9. PHQ imayimira Patient Health Questionnaire. PHQ-2 ndi PHQ-9 ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a chida chowunikira cha PHQ chachitali.
Mwachitsanzo, PHQ-2 ili ndi mafunso awiri otsatirawa:
- M'mwezi wapitawu, kodi simunachite chidwi ndi zinthu zina?
- M’mwezi wapitawu, kodi munayamba mwadziona ngati okhumudwa, okhumudwa, kapena opanda chiyembekezo?
Ngati mwayankha bwino pafunso lililonse kapena onse awiri, sizitanthauza kuti mukuvutika maganizo, kungoti zingalimbikitse wosamalirani kuti afufuzenso momwe mukuchitira.
malingaliro Final
Zizindikiro za kupsinjika maganizo kumabweretsa kulemedwa kwakukulu kwa matenda kuchokera pautali wa moyo komanso khalidwe la moyo. Zotsatira za kuvutika maganizo pa moyo wonse zimaposa zotsatira za matenda a mtima, shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, mphumu, kusuta, ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, kuvutika maganizo, limodzi ndi matenda ena aliwonse, kumawonjezera zotsatira za thanzi.
Chifukwa chake, Okutobala uno, dzichitireni zabwino (kapena limbikitsani okondedwa). Yang'anirani momwe mukumvera, ndipo ngati pali funso lililonse ngati mukukumana ndi vuto la matenda amisala, monga kupsinjika maganizo kapena ayi, lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
Pali thandizo lenileni.
Resources
nami.org/Advocacy/Policy-Priorities/Improving-Health/Mental-Health-Screening
uptodate.com/contents/screening-for-depression-in-adults
aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/low-right-care-depression-older-adults.html
aafp.org/pubs/fpm/issues/2016/0300/p16.html
Psychiatry Epidemiol. 2015;50(6):939. Epub 2015 Feb 7