Masomphenya Otsika

Chithunzi chojambula: faculty.washington.edu/chudler/armd.html

Chani? Kuwona pang'ono, komwe nthawi zina kumadziwika kuti kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, ndichinthu chomwe ndidadzipereka kuti ndilembe positi yabulogu. Monga dokotala wamkulu wa chisamaliro, ndimavomereza zokonda zanga nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi gawo la moyo womwe ndidalimo.

Tsopano pamene ndikulowa mu gawo la moyo "lapamwamba", mumaganizira; zomwe ndikukumana nazo zaka kapena matenda omwe amakhudza zaka zanga.

Mwezi Wodziwitsa Zakuchepa Kwa Masomphenya Otsika / Zokhudzana ndi Zaka ndi amawonedwa chaka ndi chaka mu February. Ndi mwezi wodziwitsa womwe umafuna kufalitsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ndi matenda omwe amakhudza maso omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maso.

Nambala zake ndi ziti?

Kuyerekeza kwabwino ndikuti pali anthu 196 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi AMD. Zikuoneka kuti omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 50 ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Ndipotu, AMD ndi nambala 1 chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya kwa omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 50. Pali "mitundu" iwiri ya AMD, koma tidzafika pa nthawi yomweyo. 85 peresenti ya anthu azaka zopitilira XNUMX ali ndi vutoli. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu a makolo achizungu a ku Ulaya ndipo akazi amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa amuna. Ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa maso komanso kuwonongeka kwa maso m'maiko otukuka.

Kodi zizindikiro ndi ziti?

Zofala kwambiri ndi:

• Zinthu sizimawoneka bwino pakati pa chinthu china.
• Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwerenga kapena kuchita ntchito zina zabwino mopepuka.
• Mumakonda kuwona mizere yowongoka ngati wavy.
• Pakhoza kukhala malo opanda kanthu m'gawo lanu lapakati.
• Zizindikiro zimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa AMD womwe muli nawo:
• Anthu okhala ndi AMD youma (85-90%)kutaya masomphenya awo pang'onopang'ono. Amatha kuona vuto la diso limodzi kapena onse awiri powerenga kapena kuyendetsa galimoto. Kapena angazindikire kuti tsopano akufunikira magetsi owala kapena galasi lokulirapo kuti aone monga momwe ankachitira poyamba. Anthu omwe ali ndi AMD youma nthawi zina amawonanso mawanga omwe amawoneka osamveka.
• Anthu okhala ndi AMD yonyowa (10-15%)akhoza kusintha mwadzidzidzi masomphenya. Akazindikira koyamba zizindikiro, amatha kukhala ndi vuto m'diso limodzi lokha. (Kenako, maso onsewo amakhala ndi mavuto.) Pamene anthu omwe ali ndi AMD yonyowa ayang'ana mizere yowongoka, mizere imawoneka yopindika kapena yopindika.
• Izi zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kugwa kapena kuvulala kawirikawiri.

Ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndikuganiza kuti mwina muli ndi AMD

• Kuunikira kwanu koyambirira kudzaphatikizanso mafunso okhudza zinthu zomwe zimawoneka kuti zili ndi mawonekedwe opotoka, kuchepa kwa maso, kuwala konyezimira kapena zoyandama m'masomphenya, malo osawona, komanso zovuta kuzolowera mdima. Mudzafunsidwa za nkhani za m'maso; mbiri ya banja ya matenda a maso; mbiri ya mankhwala, kuphatikizapo aspirin ndi ntchito antioxidant; ndi mbiri ya anthu, kuphatikizapo mbiri ya kusuta.
• Muyenera kukayezetsa maso ndi ophthalmologist.
• Ngati muli ndi AMD yoyambirira, mwina mutha kulangizidwa kuti muziyang'anira masomphenya anu ndi gulu la Amsler (onani m'munsimu zitsanzo zabwinobwino komanso zachilendo).
• Ngati mumasuta…Imani! Kusuta ndiye chinthu champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chingathe kusintha. Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi lipids zapamwamba zakhala zikugwirizananso ndi AMD. Komabe, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito "statins" (mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol) kumakhudza.
• Zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira ndi monga kuonjezera zakudya zokhala ndi omega-3. Izi zimaphatikizapo mtedza, nsomba monga tuna, salimoni, mackerel, ndi zina.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse chitetezo cha maso pakawala kwambiri. (Sungani magalasi anu pafupi!)
• Umboni wochulukirachulukira ukuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi AMD ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda amtundu uliwonse monga sitiroko. Dokotala wanu wamkulu adzafuna kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu lonse.

chithandizo

Palibe chithandizo chopezeka cha AMD youma, kapena yopanda neovascular. Odwala ndi AMD youma ayenera kupatsidwa chithandizo; amalangizidwa za kusintha kwa moyo, kusiya kusuta, ndi antioxidant supplementation; ndi kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.

Kafukufuku wa matenda a maso okhudzana ndi zaka (AREDS) adapeza kuti vitamini C ndi E, beta-carotene (beta carotene) ndi zinc supplementation zimachepetsa kukula kwa AMD yapakatikati kapena yapamwamba ndi pafupifupi 25%. Chifukwa chake, umboni umathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini oteteza antioxidant ndi mineral supplements omwe amathandizira ntchito yamaso, monga omwe amaphunziridwa mu AREDS, kuchedwetsa kutayika kwa masomphenya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi AMD.

Vitamini E, beta carotene, vitamini C, ndi zowonjezera mavitamini ambiri sizinawonetsedwe kuti ziletsa kapena kuchedwetsa chitukuko cha AMD.

Odwala omwe ali ndi AMD yonyowa, kapena neovascular, ayenera kutumizidwa kwa ophthalmologist kuti awathandize. Thandizo loyamba ndi mankhwala oletsa VEGF. Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ndi jekeseni mwachindunji m'diso mwezi uliwonse kapena miyezi itatu iliyonse. Mankhwalawa amawononga mwachisawawa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imakula modabwitsa kumbuyo kwa diso. Izi zitha kupangitsa masomphenya abwino kwa odwala omwe ali ndi neovascular AMD. Pali anthu omwe amayamba ndi vuto louma la macular ndipo kenako amakhala ndi mtundu wonyowa.

Pomaliza

Kukonzanso masomphenya (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa masomphenya rehab) ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kukonzanso kuti asaone bwino ngati munthu saona bwino. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi njira yobwezeretsa mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera moyo wabwino ndi kudziyimira pawokha mwa munthu yemwe wataya mawonekedwe chifukwa cha matenda kapena kuvulala. Cholinga chake ndi pazovuta zomwe sizingapindule ndi magalasi, ma lens, mankhwala, kapena opaleshoni. Cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza anthu kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Vision rehab yapezeka kuti ndiyothandiza kwambiri pothandiza anthu kukhala odziyimira pawokha.

 

Resources

macular.org

uptodate.com/contents/age-related-macular-degeneration-the-basics?search=age related macular degeneration&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~72&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_rehabilitation

aafp.org/pubs/fpe/editions/519-adult-eye-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy-and-age-related-macular-degeneration.html

Cheung CMG, Wong TY. Kodi kuwonongeka kwa macular kwa zaka zokhudzana ndi zaka ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda a systemic? Chiyembekezo chatsopano cha kulowererapo koyambirira ndi chithandizo. J Intern Med. 2014;276(2):140-153

amslergrid.org/AmslerGrid.pdf