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Mumwe December

Tiripano. Kupera kwegore kwasvika; tinoziva ino inguva yekufara, kupemberera, uye kubatana nevadikani. Asi, vakawanda vanonzwa vakasuruvara kana kuti vakasurukirwa. Sezvineiwo, kubudirira muhupenyu mazuva ano hakungosanganisire ushamwari. Chii chiri kuitika? Daniel Cox, achinyora muNew York Times, akataura kuti tinoratidzika kuva tiri mu“kuderera kwoushamwari” kworudzi rwakati. Sezviri pachena, kune mirangariro yakawanda pamusoro pechikonzero nei ichi chiri kuitika. Pane kubvumirana kwakawanda zvakadaro kwemhedzisiro yekubatana kuhutano hwedu hwepfungwa nehwemuviri. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa zviri kuzivikanwa kazhinji sematambudziko akaomarara ekiriniki uye ehutano hweveruzhinji, kunyanya muvakuru vakura, zvichitungamira kune hutano hwepfungwa nemuviri.

Maererano neSurvey on American Life, isu vanhu tinoita setine shamwari dzepedyo shoma, tinotaura neshamwari zvishoma, uye tinovimba neshamwari zvishoma kuti titsigire. Vanosvika hafu yevaAmerica vanoshuma shamwari dzepedyo nhatu kana shoma, nepo 36% vanoshuma vana kusvika vapfumbamwe. Dzimwe dzedzidziso dzinosanganisira kudzikira kwekuita zvinhu zvechitendero, kuderera kwewanano, kuderera kwemamiriro ehupfumi, kuva nechirwere chisingaperi, kushanda maawa akawanda, uye kuchinja kwemabasa. Uye, sezvo vazhinji vedu vaivimba nenzvimbo yebasa kuti vabatane, izvi zvakatowedzera manzwiro ekusurukirwa uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.

Pane zvimwe zvinonakidza nuances mune data. Semuyenzaniso, African American and Hispanic people vanoita sevanogutsikana nehushamwari hwavo. Kupfuurirazve, vakadzi vanowanzotarira kushamwari nokuda kwetsigiro yemirangariro. Vanoisa basa rekusimudzira hukama hwavo… kunyangwe kuudza shamwari kuti vanovada! Kune rumwe rutivi, 15% yevarume inoshuma pasina hukama hwepedyo. Izvi zvawedzera nechikamu chezvishanu mumakore 30 apfuura. Robert Garfield, munyori uye chiremba wepfungwa, anoti varume vanowanzo "kunzvenga ushamwari hwavo;" zvichireva kuti havape nguva yekuzvichengeta.

Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kusavapo kwechinangwa kana kushaikwa kwekushamwaridzana nevamwe, nepo kusurukirwa kunotsanangurwa sechiitiko chisingadikanwi chekuzviisa pasi. Mazwi aya akasiyana, kunyangwe achiwanzo shandiswa zvakasiyana, uye ese ane hutano hwakafanana. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa zviri kuwedzera mumapoka evakwegura. Ongororo dzemunyika dzinoshuma kuti munhu mumwe chete pavana vakura vanogara munharaunda vanoshuma kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye vangangoita makumi matatu muzana vanotaura kusurukirwa.

Nei uwandu hwewanano hwaizokanganisa? Zvakanaka, maererano nedata reongororo, ingangoita makumi mashanu nenhatu muzana yeavo vanoshuma vanotaura kuti wavakaroorana naye kana mudiwa wavo kazhinji ndiye wekutanga kuonana. Kana iwe usina mumwe akakosha, saka ungangonzwa wakasurukirwa.

Kukanganisa kwakafanana nekuputa kana kufutisa?

Tichifunga kuti zvakawanikwa sei izvi zvakawanikwa, vanopa rubatsiro rwekutanga vanofanirwa kufunga nezve hutano hunoenderana nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa, kunyanya muvakuru vakuru. Boka rinokura rekutsvaga rinoratidza kubatana kwakasimba pakati pekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Kufa kwechikonzero-chese kunowedzerwa kusvika pamwero wakafanana neyekuputa kana kufutisa. Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvemoyo uye zvirwere zvepfungwa. Kumwe kwekukanganisa uku kunokonzerwa nevanhu vari voga vanotaura kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwefodya uye humwe hutano hunokuvadza. Vanhu vakazviparadzanisa ava vanoshandisa zvimwe zviwanikwa zvekuchengetedza hutano nekuti kazhinji vane hutano husingaperi. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vanoshuma kusatevedzera zano rekurapa ravanowana.

Kugadzirisa sei

Padivi revanopa, "social prescribing" ndiyo imwe nzira. Uku kuedza kubatanidza varwere nerubatsiro munharaunda. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri kushandisa maneja wenyaya anogona kuongorora zvinangwa, zvido, rutsigiro rwemhuri nekutumira. Vanachiremba kazhinji vanoendesawo varwere kumapoka erutsigiro. Izvi zvinowanzoshanda zvakanaka kune avo varwere vane dambudziko rekugoverana rehutano kana mamiriro. Simba remapoka aya nderokuti varwere vanowanzogamuchira pfungwa kubva kune vamwe vanobata nemamiriro akafanana. Mamwe emapoka aya anosanganawo mu “chat rooms” kana mamwe masocial media.

Catherine Pearson, achinyora muThe Times munaNovember 8, 2022 akatsanangura makosi mana echiito atinogona kufunga tese mukugadzirisa manzwiro ekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kana kusurukirwa:

1. Dzidzira kusagadzikana. Ndiri kutaura ndega panowo. Zvakwana nehurume kana stoicism. Zvakanaka kuudza vanhu manzwiro aunoita pamusoro pavo. Funga kujoinha zvikwata zvevezera zvakarongwa kuti uwane rutsigiro. Funga kugoverana matambudziko ako neshamwari.
2. Usafunga kuti ushamwari hunoitika netsaona kana netsaona. Vanoda kutanga. Svika kune mumwe munhu.
3. Shandisa zviitwa zvakakunakira. Chokwadi ndechokuti, vakawanda vedu tinonzwa takasununguka zvikuru kubatana nevamwe kana tichiita chimwe chinhu. Zvikuru izvo. Inogona kunge iri mutambo, kana kuungana kugadzirisa kana kugadzira chimwe chinhu.
4. Shandisa simba re "checking-in" zvakajairika kuburikidza nemavara kana email. Kungava kurudziro iyo mumwe munhu anoda nhasi, kungoziva kuti vari kufungwa nezvavo.

aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0700/p85.html

American Perspectives kudzidza Chivabvu 2021

Zvikoro zveNyika zveSainzi, Injiniya, uye Mushonga. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa muvakuru vakuru: mikana yehutano hwehutano. 2020. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 21, 2021. https://www.nap.edu/read/25663/chapter/1

Smith BJ, Lim MH. Iyo COVID-19 denda iri kutarisa kusurukirwa uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Public Health Res Pract. 2020;30(2):e3022008.

Courtin E, Knapp M. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kusurukirwa uye hutano mukukwegura: kuongorora kwekuongorora. Health Soc Care Community. 2017;25(3):799-812.

Freedman A, Nicolle J. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa: hofori itsva: nzira yekutarisira kwekutanga. Anogona Fam Chiremba. 2020;66(3):176-182.

Leigh-Hunt N, Bagguley D, Bash K, nevamwe. Mhedziso yekuongorora kwakarongeka pamusoro pemigumisiro yehutano hweveruzhinji yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa. Hutano Hwevanhu. 2017;152:157-171.

Nekuda kweTD, Sandholdt H, Siersma VD, et al. Vanachiremba vanonyatsoziva sei hukama hwevarwere vavo uye kunzwa kusurukirwa? BMC Fam Pract. 2018;19(1):34.

Veazie S, Gilbert J, Winchell K, nevamwe. Kutarisana nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu vakuru: kukurumidza kuongorora. Chirevo cheAHRQ kwete. 19-EHC009-E. Agency for Healthcare Research uye Hunhu; 2019.

 

 

 

 

 

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