chirwere cheshuga

Mbudzi ndiwo Mwedzi weNyika Dzeshuga. Ino inguva iyo veruzhinji munyika yose vanobatana kuti vaonekwe nezvechirwere cheshuga.

Saka, sei November? Ndafara wabvunza.

Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti Mbudzi 14 izuva rekuzvarwa kwaFrederick Banting. Chiremba wokuCanada uyu neboka rake ramasayendisiti vakaita chinhu chinoshamisa kare muna 1923. Akaona kubva mune mamwe mabasa kuti imbwa dzakabviswa rwatata dzadzo dzakakurumidza kuva nechirwere cheshuga ndokufa. Saka, iye nevamwe vaiziva kuti pane chimwe chinhu chakaitwa murwatata chaibatsira muviri kubata shuga (glucose). Iye neboka rake vakakwanisa kubvisa kemikari mu“zvitsuwa” zvemasero (zvinonzi Langerhans) ndokupa imbwa dzisina rwatata, uye dzakararama. Shoko rechiLatin rechitsuwa ndi "insula." Kunzwika kujairika? Inofanira, iyi ndiyo mavambo ezita rehomoni yatinoziva se insulin.

Banting nemumwe musayendisiti, James Collip, vakabva vaedza kutora kwavo kune ane makore gumi nemana anonzi Leonard Thompson. Kare ikako, mwana kana wechidiki aiva nechirwere cheshuga airarama avhareji yegore. Leonard akararama kusvika makore makumi maviri nemanomwe ekuberekwa uye akafa nechirwere chemabayo.

Banting akagamuchira Mubairo weNobel weMushonga nePhysiology uye nekukasira akaugovera nechikwata chake chose. Aitenda kuti iyi hormone inoponesa inofanirwa kuwanikwa kune vese vane chirwere cheshuga, kwese kwese.

Izvi zvakaitika makore 100 chete apfuura. Zvisati zvadaro, chirwere cheshuga chaizivikanwa kuti pamwe chaive marudzi maviri akasiyana. Zvaiita sokuti vamwe vakafa nokukurumidza uye zvimwe zvingatora mwedzi kana makore. Kunyange makore anenge chiuru apfuura, vanachiremba vakanga vava kuda kuongorora weti yomurwere kuti vaone kuti chii chaiitika kwavari. Izvi zvaisanganisira kutarisa ruvara, sediment, sei kunhuwa, uye hongu, dzimwe nguva kunyange kuravira. Izwi rokuti "mellitus" (sezvakaita muchirwere cheshuga) raireva huchi muchiLatin. Weti yaitapira kune vane chirwere cheshuga. Takabva kure mumakore zana.

Zvatinoziva zvino

Chirwere cheshuga chirwere chinoitika kana shuga yako yeropa, inonziwo shuga yeropa, yakawandisa. Inobata vangangosvika mamirioni makumi matatu nenomwe vekuAmerica, kusanganisira vakuru nevechidiki. Chirwere cheshuga chinoitika kana muviri wako ukasagadzira yakakwana yehomoni inonzi insulin, kana muviri wako ukasashandisa insulin nenzira kwayo. Kana ikasarapwa, inogona kukonzera upofu, kurohwa nehana, sitiroko, kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo uye kudimburwa maoko. Chete hafu yevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanoonekwa nokuti mumatanho ekutanga echirwere cheshuga, pane zviratidzo zvishomanana, kana zviratidzo zvingave zvakafanana mune mamwe mamiriro ehutano.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere cheshuga?

Kutaura zvazviri, mavambo echiGiriki eshoko rokuti chirwere cheshuga aireva “siphon.” Zvomenemene, zvinwiwa zvakanga zvichibudiswa kunze kwomuviri. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira nyota yakanyanyisa, kuita weti kakawanda, kuonda kusingatsananguriki, kusaona kusina kujeka kunochinja zuva nezuva, kuneta kusina kujairika, kana kutsimwaira, kuita chiveve mumaoko kana mutsoka, ganda rinogara richidzokororwa kana kuti rinodzokororwa, utachiona hwegamu kana dundira.

Kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, fonera chiremba wemhuri yako pakarepo.

Kukuvara kunogona kunge kuri kuitika kumaziso ako, itsvo, uye moyo nevascular system usati waona zviratidzo. Nekuda kweizvi, vatapi vehutano vanofarira kuongorora chirwere cheshuga muvanhu vanoonekwa senjodzi huru. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira ani?

• Iwe uri mukuru pane 45.
• Wakafuta.
• Iwe hausi kuekisesaiza nguva dzose.
• Mubereki wako, mukoma kana hanzvadzi yako vane chirwere cheshuga.
• Wakanga uine mwana airema kudarika 9 pounds, kana kuti waive negestational diabetes uchiri nepamuviri.
• Iwe uri Mutema, Hispanic, Native American, Asia kana Pacific Islander.

Kuongororwa, kunonziwo "kuvheneka," kunowanzoitwa nekutsanya ropa kuongororwa. Iwe unozoedzwa mangwanani, saka haufanirwe kudya chero chinhu mushure mekudya kwemanheru manheru apfuura. Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa shuga yeropa yakaderera pane 110 mg padL. Muedzo wakakwira kupfuura 125 mg padL unoratidza chirwere cheshuga.

Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere cheshuga kwemakore mashanu vasati varatidza zviratidzo zvechirwere cheshuga. Panguva iyoyo, vamwe vanhu vanenge vatova nemaziso, itsvo, chingamu, kana kuti tsinga. Hakuchina mushonga wechirwere cheshuga, asi kune nzira dzekugara uine hutano uye kuderedza dambudziko rematambudziko.

Kana ukawedzera maekisesaizi, tarisa kudya kwako, kudzora uremu hwako, uye tora chero mushonga waunorayirwa nachiremba, unogona kuita mutsauko mukuru mukuderedza kana kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kunoitwa nechirwere cheshuga. Paunongoziva kuti une chirwere cheshuga, nekukurumidza iwe unogona kuita aya akakosha mararamiro ekuchinja.

Mhando mbiri (kana kupfuura) dzechirwere cheshuga?

Type 1 chirwere cheshuga chinotsanangurwa sechimiro cheshuga yepamusoro yeropa nekuda kwekushomeka kwe insulin nekuda kwe autoimmune process. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muviri uri kurwisa nekuparadza maseru ari mupancreas anoita insulin. Kurapa kwekudya kunovaka muviri uye majekiseni akawanda ezuva nezuva e insulin (kana kuburikidza nepombi) ndiwo musimboti wekurapa. Kana uine Type 1 chirwere cheshuga, unofanira kugara uchiongororwa kukwira kweropa uye zvimwe zvine chekuita nazvo.

Prediabetes? Type 2 chirwere cheshuga?

Kusiyana nechirwere cheshuga cheRudzi 1, chinofanira kurapwa neinsulin, chirwere cheshuga cheRudzi rwechipiri chingada insulini kana kusada. Prediabetes haisi chirwere cheshuga, zvakadaro. Asi vanachiremba nevamwe vapeji vanogona kukuudza kubva pakuongorora ropa rako kana uri kufamba uchienda kune chirwere cheshuga. Kubva 2 kusvika 2013, 2016% yevakuru vekuUS vaive neprediabetes. Mupi wako anoziva kana iwe uri panjodzi uye angangoda kukuyedza kana kukudzivirira. Sei? Nokuti zvakaratidzwa kuti basa remuviri uye maitiro ekudya ane utano anoramba ari makona ekudzivirira chirwere cheshuga. Kunyangwe pasina mishonga inotenderwa neFood and Drug Administration (FDA) yekudzivirira chirwere cheshuga, humbowo hwakasimba hunotsigira kushandiswa kwemetformin kune vanhu vakuru vane prediabetes. Kunonoka kutanga kwechirwere cheshuga kwakakura nekuti vanhu 34.5 miriyoni pasi rose vane chirwere cheshuga. Makumi mashanu kubva muzana vavo vakanga vasina kuonekwa.

Zvinhu zvine njodzi yeprediabetes kana Type 2 chirwere cheshuga?

Sezvo matanho ekutanga echirwere cheshuga aine zviratidzo zvishoma, pane zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinowedzera mikana yako yekubatwa nechirwere cheshuga.

• Kugara uchinwa zvinwiwa zvine shuga-zvinotapira pamwe nekushandisa zvinwiwa zvekugadzira zvinotapira uye muto wemichero.
• Muvana, kufutisa chinhu chikuru chengozi.
• Zvokudya zvine mafuta akawanda uye shuga.
• Kugara pasi.
• Kuratidzwa kune chirwere cheshuga chaamai uye kufutisa kwaamai muchibereko.

Mashoko akanaka? Kuyamwisa kunodzivirira. Uyezve, basa rekuita muviri uye maitiro ekudya ane utano zvakaratidzwa kuti ndiyo nheyo dzekudzivirira chirwere cheshuga.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekudya zvine hutano zvinogamuchirwa kune varwere vane prediabetes. Idya miriwo isina-starchy; kuderedza kudya kwako shuga yakawedzerwa uye zviyo zvakanatswa; sarudza zvokudya zvakakwana pane zvakagadzikiswa; uye kubvisa kunwa kwezvinwiwa zvekugadzira kana shuga-sweetened uye muto wemichero.

Kune vana nevechiri kuyaruka vane chirwere cheshuga, ADA inokurudzira maminitsi makumi matanhatu pazuva kana anopfuura epakati- kana kuti ane simba-akasimba ekuita basa reaerobic uye yakasimba-mhasuru-nekusimbisa mapfupa mabasa angangoita mazuva matatu pasvondo.

Chiremba wako angangoda kuti iwe uzvitarise wega glucose yako yeropa. Zvinokubatsira kuti unzwisise zviri nani kukwira nekudzika kweshuga yeropa rako zuva rese, kuona kuti mishonga yako iri kushanda sei, uye kuongorora maitiro ekuchinja mararamiro auri kuita. Chiremba wako anogona kutaura newe nezvezvinangwa, zvinosanganisira chimwe chinhu chinonzi A1c yako. Izvi zvinokupa iwe nachiremba wako mhinduro yekuti chirwere chako cheshuga chiri kuita sei nekufamba kwenguva, semwedzi mitatu. Izvi zvakasiyana nekutarisisa kwezuva nezuva kweropa rako glucose.

Kana uine Type 2 chirwere cheshuga uye usingakwanise kudzora nekuchinja kwemararamiro, chiremba wako anogona kukutanga pamushonga unonzi metformin. Izvi zvakashandura kutarisirwa kwechirwere cheshuga nekuita kuti masero ari mumuviri wako anyanye kunzwa kune insulin iri muhurongwa hwako. Kana iwe uchiri kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako, mupi wako anogona kuwedzera mushonga wechipiri, kana kutokurudzira kuti utange insulin. Sarudzo inowanzoenderana nemamwe mamiriro ehutano aungave uine.

Pazasi, chirwere cheshuga chinodzika kwauri. Iwe uri kutonga, uye iwe unogona kuita izvi.

• Dzidza zvakawanda sezvaunokwanisa nezvechirwere chako uye taura nemupi wako nezvekuti ungawana sei rutsigiro rwaunoda kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako.
• Gadzirisa chirwere cheshuga nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
• Gadzira chirongwa chekuchengetedza chirwere cheshuga. Kuita nguva pfupi mushure mekuongororwa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira chirwere cheshuga-matambudziko akadai sechirwere cheitsvo, kurasikirwa kwekuona, chirwere chemoyo, uye sitiroko. Kana mwana wako aine chirwere cheshuga, iva anomutsigira uye ane tariro. Shanda nemutarisiri wekutanga wemwana wako kuti muise zvinangwa zvekuvandudza hutano hwavo hwese uye kugara kwavo zvakanaka.
• Vaka chikwata chako chekuchengeta chirwere cheshuga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira nyanzvi yezvokudya kana mudzidzisi ane chirwere cheshuga.
• Gadzirira kushanyirwa nevape vako. Nyora pasi mubvunzo wako, ongorora hurongwa hwako, rekodha yako shuga yeropa mhinduro.
• Nyora manotsi pakugadzwa kwako, bvunza pfupiso yekushanya kwako, kana tarisa yako yepamhepo murwere portal.
• Ongorora BP, tarisa tsoka, uye woongorora uremu. Taura nechikwata chako nezvemishonga uye nzira itsva dzekurapa, pamwe nejekiseni raunofanira kuwana kuti uderedze njodzi yako yekurwara.
• Tanga nekuchinja kudiki kuti ugadzire maitiro ane hutano.
• Ita kurovedza muviri uye kudya kunovaka muviri chikamu chemaitiro ako ezuva nezuva
• Isa chinangwa uye edza kushingaira mazuva mazhinji evhiki
• Tevera chirongwa chekudya kwechirwere cheshuga. Sarudza michero nemiriwo, zviyo zvakakwana, nyama yakaonda, tofu, bhinzi, mhodzi, uye isina mafuta kana yakaderera-mafuta mukaka nechizi.
• Funga kujoinha boka retsigiro rinodzidzisa nzira dzekugadzirisa kushushikana uye kukumbira rubatsiro kana iwe uchinzwa pasi, kusuwa, kana kuremerwa.
• Kurara kwemaawa manomwe kusvika masere manheru ega ega kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza mafungiro ako uye simba.

Hausi chirwere cheshuga. Unogona kunge uri munhu ane chirwere cheshuga, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Kune vamwe vakagadzirira kuuya newe mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako. Unogona kuita izvi.

 

niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/national-diabetes-month#:~:text=November%20is%20National%20Diabetes%20Month,blood%20sugar%2C%20is%20too%20high.

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American Diabetes Association; Miyero yekurapa mune chirwere cheshuga-2020 yakapfupikiswa kune vekutanga vanopa rubatsiro. Clin Chirwere cheshuga. 2020;38(1):10-38

American Diabetes Association; Vana nevachiri kuyaruka: zviyero zvekurapa mune chirwere cheshuga-2020. Chirwere cheshuga. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S163-S182

aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/1101/p2137.html

American Diabetes Association; Kuongororwa uye kuiswa kwechirwere cheshuga mellitus. Chirwere cheshuga. 2014;37(Suppl 1):S81-S90