Nhoroondo Yevatema Mwedzi
Pakutanga yakagadzirwa muna 1926 naCarter G. Woodson, Mwedzi weNhoroondo yeBlack waizivikanwa se "Negro History Week." Muna 1976, yakava zororo remwedzi uye Kukadzi akasarudzwa kuti awirirane nemazuva ekuzvarwa aFrederick Douglass naAbraham Lincoln. Kukadzi inguva yekupemberera tsika yevatema, Vatema vanogadzira, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, Black kugona.
Ipo mwedzi wakatsaurirwa kumhemberero chaiyo yeBlack history, Black history uye Black mipiro irikuramba ichiitwa. Patiri kufamba mumwedzi uno, zvakakosha kuziva nekuunza chiedza kumisoro iyo vanhu vangangove vasina kunzwa nezvayo kana kudzidza muzvidzidzo zvavo zvenhoroondo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti nepo nhoroondo yeBlack inodaidzwa seyakaparadzana, kana yakasarudzika, nhoroondo - Nhorondo yeBlack is Nhoroondo yeUS.
Nguva zhinji kana tichitaura nezvenhoroondo yevatema, tinokurukura nezvekushungurudzika sekunge nharaunda dzevatema hadzina imwe nhoroondo kunze kwekushungurudzika. Nepo kunzwisisa uye kudzidza kweaya mashura kwakakosha, nhoroondo yevatema inzira kupfuura huranda, hutsinye, uye kurasikirwa. Yechokwadi Vatema nhoroondo inyaya yekusimba, hunyanzvi, uye hushingi hwakawanda.
Nekufamba kwenguva, Vagadziri vevatema uye vanogadzira vanga vaine basa rekuvaka kwakawanda kwemazuva ese. Kubva pazvikafu zvekuAmerica zvakaita sembatatisi machipisi, akagadzirwa naGeorge Crum, kuenda kuzvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvatinoshandisa mazuva ese senge mwenje wemagetsi matatu akagadzirwa naGarrett Morgan, Vatema vakagadzira vagara vachishanda kuti vape nzanga zvinhu zvine hungwaru uye zvine hutsva. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve zvakawanda zvevatema zvipo kuAmerica netsika dzeAmerica, tora nguva yekushanya dailyhive.com/seattle/inventions-by-black-people. Zvaunowana chete zvinogona kukushamisa iwe!
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvemazuva ese zvekushandisa, Nhamba dzeVatema dzakapawo akati wandei kumunda wekurapa uye kufambira mberi kwekurapa. Tichiri kunzwa nyaya dze Henrietta Anoshaya uye nevamwe vanhu vatema vakawanda vakatorwa mukana mukuchengetedza hutano, kunewo vamwe vanhu vane mukurumbira vakabatsira kupa hutano huri nani zvakare. Pasina manhamba akadai Charles Drew, MD uyo akawana kushandiswa kutsva kweplasma yeropa uye inozivikanwa sa“baba vokuchengeta ropa,” nyika yokuisira ropa ingave isina kufambira mberi sezvatinoiona nhasi. Pasina vakadzi vakadai Jane Wright, MD kufambira mberi kwechirwere chegomarara kunogona kunge kusina kunyatsoshanda.
Kazhinji kazhinji, tinonzwa nezve vanhurume vane mukurumbira munhoroondo yeVatema, asi kashoma tinonzwa nezvevakadzi. Asi ini ndinokudenha kuti utsvage vamwe veava vakadzi veVatema vakachinja mutambo uye vakasundira miganhu uye vachiramba vachirwa kuti uchinje rondedzero yechinyakare yevatema mipiro nevanhu vatema. Somuenzaniso, muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, vakadzi vechitema vaiva nebasa rakaoma, asi rinokosha mukuita basa. kodzero yekuvhota uye kodzero dzekuvhota pasi rose. Sevanhukadzi vechitema, pane mutoro unoramba uripo wekuva vese Mutema nemukadzi kana tasvika pakurwira kodzero dzevanhu. Sangano re suffrage raive chiratidzo chikuru chekutambudzika uye basa rakaiswa nevatungamiriri veBlack kuti vaone kuti manzwi anonzwika kunharaunda dzavo. Basa rinoitwa nemadzimai Mutema akadai Mary Church Terrel, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, uye Harriet Tubman ndizvo zvakaita kuti sangano re suffrage ripe simba mamwe madzimai akadai Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin uye Charlotte Forten Grimke kuwana National Association of Colored Women (NACW) muna 1896, vachisundira chirevo che "kusimudza patinenge tichikwira" kuratidza chinangwa chavo chekuenderera mberi "kusimudzira" chimiro chevakadzi vechitema. Kuedza uku kwakazoita kuti zvidaro Kuvhota Kodzero Mutemo iyo yakadzikwa muna 1965 iyo yakaunza mitemo yekuvhota yakaenzana.
Sezvatinotarisa mumakumi emakumi emakore adarika, tinogona kubvuma zvimwe zvikuru zvakaitwa nemazita emhuri akati wandei akadai saOprah, Serena Williams, Simone Biles, naMichelle Obama vakatidzidzisa kuda nekutenda miviri yatiri; uyo akaratidza mamiriyoni evasikana vaduku veBlack kuti nekushanda nesimba uye kuzvipira, chero chinhu chinogoneka!
Tinofanirawo kutora nguva yekuziva mazita akadai Marsai Martin, uyo akaita masaisai makuru muindasitiri yefirimu achiri mudiki we 14. Kana Stacey Abrams, uyo anogara achipa nharaunda dzeVatema kuti dzishande uye dziite sarudzo kuti dzibatsire kupesvedzera shanduko yakanaka munharaunda dzavanogara. Kana kuti Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett, uyo aive akakosha mumhinduro yekukurumidza uye kuvandudzwa kweiyo COVID-19 yekudzivirira. Vanhu vanoda brigade commander Sydney Barber, anotungamirira 4,500 midshipmen mumabasa ezuva nezuva ebrigade. Kana kuti Misty kopeland, ballerina inoyeuchidza vasikana veBlack kuti kutaura kwemunhu kunogona kuuya nenzira dzakawanda uye zvakanaka kuve wakapfava. Kana kuti Mickey guyton, uyo anoyeuchidza vanhu Vatema kuti havangofanire kunge varipo chete mumamiriro ezvinhu ekare ekare kana kuti nganonyorwa dzinoiswa munharaunda dzeVatema. Mazita ese aya anotiyeuchidza kuti nepo nhoroondo yapfuura yaive yakanangana nekuwedzera kuwana uye kurwira kodzero dzevanhu - uye kurwa ikoko kucharamba kuchienderera mberi - nhoroondo yazvino iri kuenda kukuwedzera kumiririra uye kuchinja nhoroondo.
Kunyangwe iwe uri Mutema kana kwete, Mwedzi weNhoroondo yeNhoroondo inzira yekubatanidza nekuwedzera ruzivo rwako rwakatenderedza nhoroondo yeAmerica! Nhoroondo yevatema ichiri kuitwa mazuva ese uye iwe ungangodaro wanga usingazivi nezvese zvenhoroondo zvakaitwa nevanhu vatema, ino ndiyo nguva yekubatana, kuteerera, uye kudzidza nezve chikamu chenhoroondo chisinganyanyi kukurukurwa. Zvipikise iwe, nevezera rako, kuverenga nekuteerera nyaya dzinotaurwa uye kutsvaga dzakavanzwa. Nhoroondo yevatema yakawanda kwazvo kupfuura kushungurudza kwakatsungirirwa - Nhoroondo yevatema iri kuramba ichibuda.
Kana iwe uchitsvaga nzvimbo yekutanga yako yeBlack nhoroondo yekutsvaga, tarisa anotevera malink!
oprahdaily.com/life/work-money/g30877473/african-american-inventors/
binnews.com/content/2021-02-22-10-inventions-created-by-black-inventors-we-use-everyday/
medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/91243
References
aafp.org/news/inside-aafp/20210205bhmtimeline.html
prevention.com/life/g35452080/famous-black-women/
medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/91243