Chiono Chakaderera
Mufananidzo kunobva: faculty.washington.edu/chudler/armd.html
Chii? Kuona kwakaderera, dzimwe nguva kunozivikanwa sekutadza kuona, chimwe chinhu chandakazvipira kunyora bhurogi nezve. Sachiremba wekuchengeta, ndinoreurura zvandaifarira kazhinji zvaienderana nedanho rehupenyu randakanga ndiri.
Zvino sezvandiri kupinda mune imwe "yepamusoro" nhanho yehupenyu, iwe wakazvifungidzira; Mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvirwere zvinobata boka rangu rezera ndine maonero angu.
Yakaderera Vision / Zera-inoenderana Macular Degeneration Kuziva Mwedzi ndiyo inocherechedzwa gore negore muna February. Iwo mwedzi wekuziva wakanangana nekuparadzira rumwe ruzivo nezve Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) uye zvirwere zvinokanganisa maziso izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukusaona.
Nhamba dzacho ndedzipi?
Iko fungidziro yakanaka ndeyekuti kune 196 miriyoni vanhu pasi rese vane AMD. Zvinoita sokuti vaya vadarika makore 50 ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa nechirwere ichi. Kutaura zvazviri, AMD ndiyo nhamba ye1 chikonzero chekurasikirwa kwekuona kune avo vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu. Kune "mhando" mbiri dze AMD, asi tichasvika kune izvozvo munguva pfupi. Zvikamu gumi nezvitatu kubva muzana zvevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi masere nemashanu vane chirwere ichi. Izvo zvinowanzoitika muvanhu vevachena madzitateguru eEurope uye vakadzi vanobatwa zvakanyanya kupfuura varume. Ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa kwekuona uye kurasikirwa kwekuona munyika dzakabudirira.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo?
Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:
- Zvinhu zvinotaridzika zvakadzima pakati pechimwe chinhu.
- Zviri kuramba zvichioma kuverenga kana kuita mamwe mabasa akanaka muchiedza chakaderera.
- Iwe unowanzoona mitsetse yakatwasuka sewavy.
- Panogona kunge paine nzvimbo dzisina chinhu munzvimbo yako yepakati yekuona.
- Zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe AMD yaunayo:
- Vanhu vane yakaoma AMD (85-90%)kurasikirwa nechiono chavo zvishoma nezvishoma. Vanogona kuona dambudziko kune rimwe kana maziso ose pakuverenga kana kutyaira. Kana kuti vangaona kuti zvino vava kuda zviedza zvinopenya kana kuti maginifying glass kuti vaone sezvavaimboita. Vanhu vane AMD yakaoma dzimwe nguva vanocherechedzawo mavara anoita seasina kujeka.
- Vanhu vane nyoro AMD (10-15%)inogona kungoerekana yachinja muchiono. Pavanotanga kuona zviratidzo, vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko muziso rimwe chete. (Gare gare, maziso ose anowanzoita matambudziko.) Kana vanhu vane AMD yakanyorova vachitarisa mitsara yakatwasuka, mitsetse yacho inotaridzika yakakotama kana kuti wavy.
- Chirwere ichi chave chichibatanidzwa nekudonha kana kukuvara kakawanda.
Kana iwe uchinetseka uye uchifunga kuti ungave uine AMD
- Kuongorora kwako kwekutanga kuchasanganisira mibvunzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoratidzika kunge zvakamonyaniswa zvimiro, kuderera kwekuona, kupenya kwechiedza kana zvinoyangarara muchiratidzo, nzvimbo isingaoni, uye kunetseka kujairana nerima. Iwe uchabvunzwa nezvenyaya dzemeso apfuura; nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvemaziso; nhoroondo yezvinodhaka, kusanganisira aspirin uye kushandiswa kwe antioxidant; uye nhoroondo yevanhu, kusanganisira nhoroondo yekusvuta.
- Iwe unofanirwa kuongororwa maziso neophthalmologist.
- Kana iwe uine yekutanga AMD, ungangove iwe unogona kurairwa kuti uzvitarise wega chiono chako neAmsler grid (ona pazasi kune yakajairwa uye isina kujairika mienzaniso).
- Kana uchisvuta…MIRA! Kusvuta ndicho chakasimba chinochinjika chinokonzeresa njodzi. High blood pressure uye high lipids zvakabatanidzwawo ne AMD. Pane, zvisinei, hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe "statins" (cholesterol-kudzikisa mishonga) kune simba.
- Zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo zvinosanganisira kuwedzera chikafu chakapfuma mu omega-3. Izvi zvinosanganisira nzungu, hove dzakadai tuna, salmon, mackerel, kana zvimwe.
- Kuenderana kushandiswa kwekudzivirira kwemaziso mumamiriro echiedza chepamusoro. (Chengeta magirazi ako ari pedyo!)
- Humwe humbowo huri kuwedzera hunoratidza kuti vanhu vane AMD vari panjodzi yezvirwere zve systemic senge sitiroko. Chiremba wako wekutanga achada kutarisa hutano hwako hwose.
mabatiro
Iko hakuna kurapwa kunowanikwa kune yakaoma, kana isiri-neovascular, AMD. Varwere vane AMD yakaoma vanofanira kupiwa rubatsiro; kurairwa nezvekuchinja mararamiro, kurega kuputa, uye antioxidant supplementation; uye ichiongororwa nguva dzose.
Zera Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) yakawana kuti yakakwira-dose yemuromo antioxidant vhitamini (kureva, mavhitaminzi C uye E, beta carotene) uye zinc yekuwedzera yakaderedza kufambira mberi kwepakati kana yepamusoro AMD ne25%. Nokudaro, humbowo hunotsigira kushandiswa kweantioxidant vitamin uye mineral supplements inotsigira ocular function, yakadai seyakadzidza muAREDS, kunonoka kurasikirwa kwekuona kune varwere vane AMD.
Vitamin E, beta carotene, vhitamini C, uye multivitamin supplements hazvina kuratidzwa kudzivirira kana kunonoka kukura kwe AMD.
Varwere vane nyoro, kana neovascular, AMD vanofanirwa kuendeswa kune ophthalmologist kune manejimendi. First-line therapy mushonga unorwisa VEGF. Uyu ndiwo mushonga unorwisa kukura kwetsinga dzeropa. Mushonga uyu unoitwa nejekiseni zvakananga muziso pamwedzi kana mwedzi mitatu yega yega. Mishonga iyi inosarudza kuparadza tsinga dzeropa dzinokura zvisingaite kumashure kweziso. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kukuvandudzwa kwemaonero kune varwere vane neovascular AMD. Kune vanhu vanotanga nekuoma macular degeneration vozoita wet type.
pakupedzisira
Kuvandudza maonero (inowanzo danwa vision rehab) izwi rinoshandiswa richireva kudzoreredza kuvandudza kuona kana munhu asingaoni zvakanaka. Mune mamwe mazwi, inzira yekudzorera kugona kwekushanda uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu uye kuzvimirira mumunhu akarasikirwa nekuona kuburikidza nehurwere kana kukuvara. Chinonyanya kutariswa pane izvo kukanganisa izvo zvisingakwanise kubatsirwa nemagirazi emaziso, kuonana lens, mushonga, kana kuvhiyiwa. Chinangwa chiri pakubatsira vanhu kuita mabasa emazuva ese. Vision rehab yakawanikwa ichibatsira zvakanyanya mukubatsira vanhu kuchengetedza rusununguko rwavo.
Resources
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_rehabilitation
Cheung CMG, Wong TY. Ko zera-related macular degeneration chiratidzo che systemic chirwere? Tarisiro mitsva yekukurumidza kupindira uye kurapwa. J Intern Med. 2014;276(2):140-153
