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Saamaynta Bulshada ee Caafimaadka

Bulshooyinka go'aamiya caafimaadka - waxaan maqalnaa iyaga markasta, laakiin maxay runti yihiin? Si fudud haddii loo dhigo, waa waxyaabaha hareerahayaga ah - oo ka baxsan caadooyinka caafimaadka qaba - ee go'aamiya natiijooyinka caafimaad. Waa shuruudaha aan ku dhalannay; meesha aan ka shaqeyno, ku nool nahay, kuna gabowno, taas oo saameyn ku leh tayada nolosheena.1 Tusaale ahaan, waxaan ognahay in sigaar cabistu ay kordhiso suurtagalnimada kansarka sanbabada, laakiin ma ogtahay in waxyaabaha sida meesha aad ku nooshahay, hawada aad neefsato, taageerada bulshada, iyo heerka waxbarashadu ay sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelan karaan caafimaadkaaga guud?

Dadka Caafimaadka leh 2030 wuxuu aqoonsaday shan qaybood oo ballaadhan oo go'aamiya bulsheedka caafimaadka - ama SDoH - si "loo garto siyaabo lagu abuuro jawi bulsheed iyo jidheed oo kor u qaada caafimaad wanaagsan dhammaan." Qaybahaasi waa 1) xaafadahayaga iyo bay'adaha la dhisay, 2) daryeelka caafimaadka iyo caafimaadka, 3) xaaladda bulshada iyo bulshada, 4) waxbarashada, iyo 5) xasilloonida dhaqaalaha.1 Mid kasta oo ka mid ah qaybahaani waxay saameyn toos ah ku leedahay caafimaadkeenna guud.

Aynu tusaale u soo qaadanno COVID-19 Waan ognahay in bulshooyinka laga tirada badan yahay ay dhibaatada ugu weyn soo gaadhay.2 Waxaan kaloo ognahay in jaaliyadahaani ay halgan ugu jiraan helitaanka talaalada.3,4,5 Tani waa tusaale sida deegaankayagu u dhisan yahay u saameyn ugu yeelan karo natiijooyinka caafimaad. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay waxay ku nool yihiin xaafado yar oo hodan ah, waxay u badan tahay inay leeyihiin shaqooyin lama huraan ah ama “safka hore”, iyo inay helaan adeegyo iyo daryeel caafimaad oo yar. Sinaan la'aantaan SDoH waxay dhamaantood gacan ka geysteen kororka tirada kiisaska COVID-19 iyo dhimashada kooxaha laga tirada badan yahay ee Mareykanka.6

Dhibaatada biyaha ee Flint, Michigan waa tusaale kale oo ah sida SDoH ay ugu ciyaareyso natiijooyinka guud ee caafimaadka. Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka wuxuu ku doodayaa in SDoH ay qaabeeyeen qaybinta lacagta, awoodda, iyo kheyraadka, xaaladda ka jirta Flint waa tusaale layaableh. Sannadkii 2014-kii, isha biyaha ee Flint waxaa laga beddelay Harada Huron - oo ay maamusho Waaxda Biyaha iyo Bullaacadaha Detroit - iyadoo loo weeciyay dhanka wabiga Flint.

Biyaha ku jira wabiga Flint ayaa ahaa kuwo wax gumaada, mana jirin wax talaabo ah oo lagu qaaday daawaynta biyaha iyo ka hortagga macdanta "lead" iyo kiimikooyinka kale ee qallafsan ee ka soo baxa tuubooyinka iyo biyaha la cabayo. Leedhku waa mid si la yaab leh u sumaysan, isla markaana la nuugo, waxaa lagu kaydiyaa lafahayaga, dhiigayaga, iyo unugyadayada.7 Ma jiraan heerar “badbaado leh” oo ku saabsan soo-gaadhista macdanta `` lead '', iyo waxyeelada uu u geysto jirka bina-aadamka ayaa ah mid aan laga soo kaban karin. Carruurta, soo-gaadhista daba-dheer waxay sabataa dib-u-dhac ku yimaada horumarka, barashada, iyo koritaanka, waxayna dhaawacdaa maskaxda iyo nidaamka neerfaha. Dadka qaangaarka ah, waxay u horseedi kartaa cudurada wadnaha iyo kilyaha, dhiig kar, iyo bacriminta oo yaraata.

Sidee ayay taasi ku dhacday? Bilawga, mas'uuliyiinta magaalada waxay u baahdeen ilo biyood ka jaban sababo la xiriira caqabadaha xagga miisaaniyadda. Flint waa magaalo sabool ah, oo u badan Madow. Ku dhowaad 40% dadka degan waxay ku nool yihiin faqri.9 Sababtoo ah xaalado gacantooda ka baxay - ugu horreyn la'aanta lacagta magaalada, iyo saraakiishii dooratay "hab-sugid iyo arag10 halkii aad si dhakhso leh u saxi lahayd arrinta - qiyaastii 140,000 oo qof oo aan ogeyn ayaa cabbay, ku maydhay, kuna kariyay biyo macdanta "lead" muddo sannad ah. Xaalad deg deg ah ayaa lagu dhawaaqay 2016, laakiin dadka degan Flint waxay la noolaan doonaan saameynta sunta rasaasta inta ka dhiman noloshooda. Waxaa laga yaabaa in dhibaatada ugu badan ay tahay xaqiiqda ah in ku dhowaad 25% dadka degan Flint ay yihiin caruur.

Dhibaatada biyaha ee Flint waa mid aad u daran, laakiin tusaale muhiim ah oo ah sida SDoH ay saameyn ugu yeelan karto shaqsiyaadka iyo bulshada. Badanaa, SDoH aan la kulanno waa ka daran yihiin, waxaana lagu maareyn karaa waxbarasho iyo u doodid. Marka, maxaan qaban karnaa urur ahaan si aan u maamulno SDoH oo saameyn ku yeelata xubnaheena? Wakaaladaha Medicaid ee gobolka sida Colorado Access ayaa si firfircoon uga qaybqaadan kara dadaallada lagu maareynayo SDoH xubnaha. Maamulayaasha daryeelka ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara waxbarista xubnaha, aqoonsashada baahiyahooda, iyo bixinta gudbinta ilaha si loo yareeyo caqabadaha daryeelka. Waxqabadyadayada barnaamijyada caafimaadka iyo waxqabadyadu waxay sidoo kale ujeeddadeedu tahay yareynta caqabadaha daryeelka iyo hagaajinta natiijooyinka caafimaadka. Iyo, ururku wuxuu si joogto ah ulashaqeeyaa wada-hawlgalayaasha bulshada iyo hay'adaha gobolka si ay ugu doodaan baahiyaha xubnaheenna.

tixraacyada

  1. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html
  3. https://abc7ny.com/nyc-covid-vaccine-coronavirus-updates-update/10313967/
  4. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/01/covid-vaccine-racial-disparities-464387
  5. https://gazette.com/news/ethnic-disparities-emerge-in-colorado-s-first-month-of-covid-19-vaccinations/article_271cdd1e-591b-11eb-b22c-b7a136efa0d6.html
  6. COVID-19 Kala Duwanaanshaha Jinsiyada iyo Jinsiyada (cdc.gov)
  7. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/lead/health.html
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6309965/
  9. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/flintcitymichigan/PST045219
  10. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis