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Hlokomela Lekhalo

Che, ha ke bue ka matšoao hohle liteisheneng tsa terene tsa London Underground. "Lekhalo" moo le bolela sebaka se pakeng tsa sethala le terene ea sebele. Borithane ba batla ho etsa bonnete ba hore u feta sebakeng sena, kapa lekhalo, 'me u kene tereneng ka polokeho.

Ho e-na le hoo, ke bua ka lekhalo le leng. Ka mantsoe a mang, lekhalo litšebeletsong tseo mang kapa mang oa rona a ka bang le tsona tse sitisang ho ipoloka re phetse hantle.

Ha re emeng morao motsotsoana.

Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ba maphathaphathe hangata ba na le merero e mengata ha ba bona mokuli. Ba mamela lintho leha e le life tseo mokuli a amehileng ka tsona kapa matšoenyeho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho maemo afe kapa afe a sa foleng ao ba a hlokomelang 'me ba etsa bonnete ba hore phetoho leha e le efe ea meriana kapa tlhahlobo e hlokomeloa. Qetellong, boholo ba bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ba na le litsamaiso tsa ho ba hopotsa ka tlhahlobo efe kapa efe ea tloaelo, tlhahlobo, kapa liente tse ka hlokahalang. Lingaka tse ngata le lingaka tse mahareng li bitsa sena e le "lekhalo". Sena se bolela hore ha mang kapa mang oa rona a bonoa, ho na le litšebeletso tse khothaletsoang ho latela bong ba rona, lilemo, kapa maemo a bophelo. Sena se kenyeletsa le liente tse khothaletsoang. Ba batla ho koala sekheo sena ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ela hloko lekhalo.1

Tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle bakeng sa rona bohle e itšetlehile ka hore na re hokae bophelong. Masea, bana le bacha, basali ba baholo, le banna e mong le e mong o na le mesebetsi e fapaneng eo saense e e bontšitseng e fokotsa moroalo oa mafu. Lintho tsee li ka akarelletsa mesebetsi ea mofuta ofe? Ho bana le bacha, ka mohlala, ngaka e atisa ho bua ka mathata a mokuli le motsoali / mohlokomeli 'me e botsa ka lefapha la tšohanyetso kapa tlhokomelo ea sepetlele ho tloha ketelong ea ho qetela; mekhoa ea bophelo (lijo, boikoetliso, nako ea skrine, ho tsuba ha motho a tsuba, lihora tsa ho robala bosiu bo bong le bo bong, tlhokomelo ea meno, mekhoa ea tšireletso); le tshebetso ya sekolo. American Academy of Pediatrics e khothalletsa tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo bakeng sa khatello e phahameng ea mali, ho hlahloba hoo e ka bang lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli bakeng sa mathata a pono le kutlo, le ho hlahloba boemo bo phahameng ba k'holeseterole hang pakeng tsa lilemo tse 9 le tse 11. Ho hlahlojoa khafetsa bakeng sa lintlha tsa sechaba tsa mabaka a kotsi a amanang le bophelo bo botle le hona ho khothaletsoa. Ho lokela ho fanoe ka liente tse tsamaellanang le lilemo tsa motho. Ho na le likhothaletso tse tšoanang empa tse fapaneng bakeng sa lilemo le sehlopha sa bong.2

Litlhahiso tsee li tsoa hokae? Hangata li tsoa mehloling e hlomphuoang joalo ka United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF) kapa mekhatlo e ikhethang e hlomphuoang joalo ka American Cancer Society, American Academy of Family Practice, American Academy of Pediatrics, le tse ling.3

Ho sebelisa lirekoto tsa bophelo bo botle ba elektroniki (EHRs) ho bontšitsoe ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea nts'etsopele, tlhahlobo ea kotsi, le tataiso e lebelletsoeng. Sena se ka bakoa ke "motsoako oa lintlha tse hlophisitsoeng tsa data, lisebelisoa tsa ts'ehetso ea liqeto, pono ea nako e telele ea lintlha tsa mokuli, le phihlelo e ntlafetseng ea laboratori le kakaretso ea kakaretso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo." Litefiso tsa liente li ka ntlafatsoa ka ho sebelisa likhopotso kapa mekhoa ea ho hopola, e ka fanoang ka mochine o ikemetseng oa mohala, mangolo kapa likarete tsa poso, kapa ka boeena nakong ea maeto a mang a tleliniki.4

Ke ka lebaka la "mesebetsi" ena hore phepelo ea ngaka ea tlhokomelo ea mantlha e ne e amahanngoa le liphello tse ntlafetseng tsa bophelo bo botle, ho akarelletsa le lisosa tsohle, kankere, lefu la pelo, stroke, le lefu la masea; boima ba tsoalo bo tlase; tebello ea bophelo; le bophelo bo botle ba 'mele.5

Kahoo, lintlha li bonahala li tiisa bohlokoa ba ho theha kamano le ngaka e akaretsang ho fumana litšebeletso tsa thibelo. U ka utloisisa kapele hore na ke hobane'ng ha bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ba tšoarehile haholo le hore nako e hlokahalang ea thibelo e ka fokotsoa kamora hore litlhoko tse ling li finyelloe.

Ntho e 'ngoe hape e lokela ho boleloa ka thibelo. Ho bile le motsamao (Ho Khetha ka Bohlale) lilemong tse 10+ tse fetileng ho tsebahatsa lits'ebeletso tseo ha e le hantle LI SA THUSANG. Mekhatlo e fetang 70 e ikhethang e fumane hore ho na le liteko kapa lits'ebetso tse sebelisoang haholo ka har'a litsebo tsa bona. Ho na le sehokelo se ka tlase se bontšang hore na ke litšebeletso life tseo American Academy of Family Practice e li boneng li sa thuse, 'me ka linako tse ling li le kotsi.6

'Me e, hona joale karolo ea litšebeletso tse khothalletsoang li kenyelletsa ngoana e mocha holim'a block. Ente ea COVID-19. Ba bang ba khothalelitse hore COVID-19 joale e tšoana le ntaramane ka hore ho tla ba le ente e khothaletsoang, bonyane selemo le selemo, bakeng sa bokamoso bo lebelletsoeng. Ba bang ba khothalelitse hore phello ea ente ea Covid e tšoana le ho eletsa motho hore a se tsube. Ho tsuba ho amana ka ho hlaka le emphysema, bronchitis, kankere ea matšoafo le mafu a mang a mangata. HO SE fumane ente ea COVID-19 ho ka phehisana khang joalo ka ho khetha ho tsuba. Ho na le menyetla e ka bang 64 ea hore u qetelle u le sepetlele ka COVID-19 haeba u khetha ho se fumane ente.7

Kahoo, nakong e tlang ha u bona mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea kamehla, tseba hore ba u shebile ka pono ea ho fana ka litšebeletso tseo lilemo tsa hau, bong, le boemo ba bongaka bo ka u lumellang. Sepheo ke ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba hau, kahoo o lokoloha ho phela bophelo ba hau ka botlalo.

 

References

  1. https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/clinical-practice-guidelines/clinical-practice-guidelines.html
  2. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0815/p213.html
  3. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/uspstf-a-and-b-recommendations
  4. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0315/p659.html
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17436988/
  6. https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/choosing-wisely.html
  7. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2022/02/covid-anti-vaccine-smoking/622819/