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Boikemisetso ba Bophelo bo Botle ba Sechaba

By Kirstin L

Boikemisetso ba bophelo bo botle sechabeng - re utloa ka bona ka linako tsohle, empa ha e le hantle ke eng? Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ke lintho tse re potileng - tse fetang mekhoa e metle - tse khethollang sephetho sa rona sa bophelo bo botle. Ke maemo ao re tsoaletsoeng ho 'ona; moo re sebetsang, re lulang teng, le ho tsofala, ho susumetsang bophelo ba rona.1 Ka mohlala, rea tseba hore ho tsuba ho eketsa menyetla ea kankere ea matšoafo, empa na u ne u tseba hore lintho tse kang moo u lulang teng, moea oo uo hemang, tšehetso ea sechaba le boemo ba hau ba thuto le tsona li ka ama bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso?

Batho ba phetseng hantle 2030 e supile mekhahlelo e mehlano e pharalletseng ea boits'oaro ba bophelo bo botle - kapa SDoH - ho "khetholla mekhoa ea ho theha tikoloho ea sechaba le ea 'mele e khothalletsang bophelo bo botle bakeng sa bohle." Mekhahlelo ena ke 1) tikoloho ea rona le libaka tse hahiloeng, 2) tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle, 3) maemo a sechaba le sechaba, 4) thuto le 5) botsitso ba moruo.1 E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mekhahlelo ena e na le tšusumetso e tobileng ho bophelo ba rona ka kakaretso.

Ha re sebeliseng COVID-19 e le mohlala. Rea tseba hore sechaba se fokolang se hlasetsoe haholo.2 Hape rea tseba hore sechaba sena se sokola ho fumana liente.3,4,5 Ona ke mohlala oa hore na tikoloho ea rona e hahiloeng e ka ama litholoana tsa rona tsa bophelo bo botle joang. Batho ba bangata ba fokolang ba lula libakeng tse sa ruang haholo, ba na le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa kapa "e ka pele", mme ba na le phihlello e fokolang ea lisebelisoa le tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Ts'oaetso ena ea SDoH kaofela e kentse letsoho keketsehong ea palo ea linyeoe tsa COVID-19 le lefu har'a lihlopha tse fokolang United States.6

Mathata a metsi Flint, Michigan ke mohlala o mong oa kamoo SDoH e bapalang liphellong tsa rona tsa bophelo bo botle. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o pheha khang ea hore SDoH e entsoe ke kabo ea chelete, matla le lisebelisoa, mme boemo ba Flint ke mohlala o makatsang. Ka 2014, mohloli oa metsi oa Flint o ile oa tlosoa Letšeng la Huron - le laoloang ke Lefapha la Metsi le Likhoerekhoere la Detroit - la ea Flint River.

Metsi a Nōkeng ea Flint a ne a senya, 'me ha ho mehato e nkuoeng ho hloekisa metsi le ho thibela loto le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse thata ho tsoa ka liphaepheng le ka metsing a nooang. Loto e na le chefo e makatsang, 'me hang ha e nooa, e bolokoa masapong a rona, maling a rona le lisele tsa rona.7 Ha ho na maemo a "sireletsehileng" a pepesetso ea loto, mme tšenyo ea eona 'meleng oa motho e ke ke ea etsolloa. Ho bana, ho pepeseha nako e telele ho baka ho lieha ho hola, ho ithuta le kholo, ho senya boko le sistimi ea methapo. Ho batho ba baholo, e ka lebisa ho lefu la pelo le liphio, khatello e phahameng ea mali le phokotso ea pelehi.8 

See se etsahetse joang? Qalong, liofisiri tsa toropo li ne li hloka mohloli oa metsi o theko e tlase ka lebaka la mathata a lichelete. Flint ke motse o futsanehileng, haholo-holo oa Batho ba batšo. Hoo e ka bang 40% ea baahi ba eona ba phela bofutsaneng.9 Ka lebaka la maemo a tsoileng taolong ea bona - haholoholo khaello ea chelete ea toropo, le ba boholong ba khethileng mokhoa oa "ho emela ho bona10 Sebakeng sa ho lokisa bothata hanghang - batho ba ka bang 140,000 ba noa, ba itlhatsoa, ​​'me ba pheha ka metsi a kenngoang ke loto ba sa tsebe selemo. Boemo ba qomatsi bo phatlalalitsoe ka 2016, empa baahi ba Flint ba tla phela le litlamorao tsa chefo ea loto bophelo bohle ba bona. Mohlomong ntho e tšoenyang haholo ke taba ea hore hoo e ka bang 25% ea baahi ba Flint ke bana.

Tlokotsi ea metsi ea Flint ke mohlala o feteletseng, empa oa bohlokoa oa kamoo SDoH e ka amang batho ka bomong le sechaba. Hangata, SDoH eo re kopanang le eona ha e matla haholo, mme e ka laoloa ka thuto le bobuelli. Joale, re le mokhatlo re ka etsa eng ho tsamaisa SDoH e amang litho tsa rona? Mekhatlo ea Naha ea Medicaid e kang Colorado Access e ka etsa mesebetsi e matla ea ho tsamaisa SDoH ea litho. Baokameli ba tlhokomelo ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ruteng litho, ho tseba litlhoko tsa bona, le ho fana ka phetisetso ea lisebelisoa ho fokotsa litšitiso tsa tlhokomelo. Boiteko ba rona ba mananeo a bophelo bo botle le boitshunyako le bona bo habile ho fokotsa litšitiso tsa tlhokomelo le ho ntlafatsa litholoana tsa bophelo bo botle. Mme, mokhatlo o ntse o sebelisana 'moho le balekane ba sechaba le mekhatlo ea mmuso ho buella litlhoko tsa litho tsa rona.

References

  1. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html
  3. https://abc7ny.com/nyc-covid-vaccine-coronavirus-updates-update/10313967/
  4. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/01/covid-vaccine-racial-disparities-464387
  5. https://gazette.com/news/ethnic-disparities-emerge-in-colorado-s-first-month-of-covid-19-vaccinations/article_271cdd1e-591b-11eb-b22c-b7a136efa0d6.html
  6. Phapang pakeng tsa merabe le merabe ea COVID-19 (cdc.gov)
  7. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/lead/health.html
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6309965/
  9. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/flintcitymichigan/PST045219
  10. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis