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Diabetes

ʻO Nowemapa ka Mahina Diabetes Lahui. ʻO kēia ka manawa e hui pū ai nā kaiāulu a puni ka ʻāina i ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

No laila, no ke aha ʻo Nowemapa? Hauʻoli ʻoe i nīnau mai.

ʻO ke kumu nui ʻo ia ka lā 14 o Nowemapa ka lā hānau o Frederick Banting. Ua hana kēia kauka Kanada a me kāna hui ʻepekema i kahi mea kupanaha i ka makahiki 1923. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ma kāna hana ʻana i nā ʻīlio i wehe ʻia ko lākou pancreas i ulu koke i ka maʻi diabetes a make. No laila, ua ʻike ʻo ia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe aia kekahi mea i hana ʻia i loko o ka pancreas i kōkua i ke kino e mālama i ke kō (glucose). Ua hiki iā ia a me kāna hui ke unuhi i kahi kemika mai nā "mokupuni" o nā cell (i kapa ʻia ʻo Langerhans) a hāʻawi i nā ʻīlio me ka pancreas ʻole, a ola lākou. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Latin no ka mokupuni ʻo "insula." Kamaʻāina ke kani? Pono, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka inoa o ka hormone a mākou i ʻike ai he insulin.

ʻO Banting a me kekahi kanaka ʻepekema ʻo James Collip, a laila hoʻāʻo i kā lākou unuhi i kahi keiki 14 makahiki i kapa ʻia ʻo Leonard Thompson. I kēlā manawa, ʻo kahi keiki a ʻōpio paha i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i ola ma ka awelika o hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua ola ʻo Leonard a hiki i ka makahiki 27 a ua make ʻo ia i ka maʻi pneumonia.

Ua loaʻa iā Banting ka makana Nobel no ka Lapaʻau a me ka Physiology a kaʻana koke iā ia me kāna hui holoʻokoʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e loaʻa kēia hormone hoʻopakele ola i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi āpau, ma nā wahi āpau.

He 100 makahiki wale nō kēia i hala. Ma mua o ia manawa, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes he ʻelua ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Me he mea lā ua make koke kekahi a he mau mahina a mau makahiki paha kekahi. ʻOiai ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani makahiki aku nei, ua komo nā kauka i ka nānā ʻana i ka mimi o ka mea maʻi e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei me lākou. ʻO kēia ka nānā ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ka sediment, pehea kona ʻala, a ʻae, ʻo ka ʻono ʻana i kekahi manawa. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "mellitus" (e like me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus) ʻo ia ka meli ma ka Latin. He ʻono ka mimi i ka poʻe maʻi diabetic. Ua hele lōʻihi mākou i hoʻokahi kenekulia.

ʻO kā mākou ʻike i kēia manawa

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi he maʻi i loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe loa o kou glucose koko, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ke koko koko. Hoʻopilikia ia ma kahi o 37 miliona ʻAmelika, me nā pākeke a me nā ʻōpio. Loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ke lawa ʻole kou kino i kahi hormone i kapa ʻia ka insulin, a i ʻole hoʻohana pono kou kino i ka insulin. Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hopena i ka makapō, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ka hahau ʻana, ka hōʻino ʻole o ka puʻupaʻa a me ka ʻoki ʻana. ʻO ka hapalua wale nō o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes ka mea i ʻike ʻia no ka mea i ka wā mua o ka maʻi diabetes, he kakaikahi nā hōʻailona, a i ʻole like paha nā hōʻailona me nā maʻi olakino ʻē aʻe.

He aha nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kumu Helene o ka huaʻōlelo diabetes ʻo ia ka "siphon." ʻO ka ʻōlelo maoli, ua hoʻokahe ʻia nā wai mai ke kino. ʻO nā hōʻailona e like me ka make wai nui, ka mimi pinepine, ka pohō ʻole o ke kaumaha, ka ʻike pohihihi e loli ana i kēlā lā i kēia lā, ka luhi ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole ka hiamoe, ke kani ʻana a i ʻole ka helu ʻana i nā lima a i ʻole nā wāwae, nā maʻi ʻili pinepine a i ʻole nā maʻi ʻeha.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, e kelepona koke i kāu kauka ʻohana.

Aia paha ka pōʻino i kou mau maka, puʻupaʻa, a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona. Ma muli o kēia, makemake nā mea mālama ola e nānā i ka maʻi diabetes i nā poʻe i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka pilikia. ʻO wai ka mea e komo ai?

Ua ʻoi aku ʻoe ma mua o 45.
Kaumaha ʻoe.
ʻAʻole ʻoe hoʻoikaika mau.
He maʻi diabetes kou makua, kaikunāne a kaikuahine paha.
He pēpē kāu i ʻoi aku ma mua o 9 paona, a i ʻole ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i kou wā hāpai.
He ʻeleʻele ʻoe, Hepanika, ʻAmelika ʻōiwi, ʻAsia a i ʻole he ʻāina Pākīpika.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "screening," e hana mau ʻia me ka hoʻokē ʻai koko. E hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻoe i ke kakahiaka, no laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e ʻai i kekahi mea ma hope o ka ʻaina ahiahi i ka pō ma mua. He haʻahaʻa ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo koko koko maʻamau ma mua o 110 mg no dL. ʻO ka hopena hōʻike i ʻoi aku ma mua o 125 mg no ka dL e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Nui ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes no ʻelima mau makahiki ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes. I kēlā manawa, ua loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka pōʻino o ka maka, ka puʻupaʻa, ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ke aʻalolo. ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, akā aia nā ala e noho olakino a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā pilikia.

Inā hoʻoikaika nui ʻoe, e nānā i kāu meaʻai, mālama i kou kaumaha, a lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a kāu kauka e kuhikuhi ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana he maʻi maʻi ʻoe, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki e hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau loli koʻikoʻi o ka nohona.

ʻElua (a ʻoi aku paha) ʻano maʻi diabetes?

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka maʻi maʻi type 1 ma ke ʻano o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hemahema o ka insulin ma muli o kahi kaʻina autoimmune. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ke kino a luku i nā ʻāpana o ka pancreas e hana ai i ka insulin. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻai meaʻai a me ka nui o nā injections o ka insulin i kēlā me kēia lā (a i ʻole ma o ka pamu) nā kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi maʻi type 1, pono e nānā mau ʻia ʻoe no ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me nā maʻi e pili ana.

prediabetes? ʻAno diabetes 2?

ʻAʻole like me ka maʻi maʻi type 1, pono e mālama ʻia me ka insulin, pono ʻole ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i ka insulin. ʻAʻole ʻo ka prediabetes ka maʻi diabetes. Akā, hiki i nā kauka a me nā mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe ke haʻi mai kāu hoʻāʻo koko inā e neʻe ana ʻoe i ke ala o ka maʻi diabetes. Mai 2013 a i 2016, 34.5% o ka poʻe mākua ʻAmelika i loaʻa i ka prediabetes. ʻIke kāu mea hāʻawi inā pilikia ʻoe a makemake paha e hoʻāʻo a nānā paha iā ʻoe. No ke aha mai? No ka mea, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻoikaika kino a me nā ʻano meaʻai olakino e hoʻomau i nā pōhaku kihi o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, ua kākoʻo nā hōʻike ikaika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin i nā pākeke me ka prediabetes. He mea nui ka lohi ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi no ka mea he 463 miliona mau kānaka a puni ka honua i loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes. He kanalima pakeneka o lakou i ike ole ia.

Nā kumu pilikia no ka prediabetes a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes type 2?

Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, aia nā kumu pilikia e hoʻonui ai i kou manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻO ka ʻai mau ʻana i nā mea inu ʻono a me ka inu ʻana i nā mea inu ʻona a me ka wai hua.
I nā keiki, ʻo ka momona ka mea nui i ka pilikia.
ʻO nā meaʻai nui i ka momona a me ke kō.
ʻAno noho.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes makuahine a me ka momona o ka makuahine i ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi? He pale ka hānai ʻana. Eia hou, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻoikaika kino a me nā ʻano meaʻai maikaʻi ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Hiki ke ʻae ʻia nā ʻano meaʻai olakino no nā poʻe maʻi me ka prediabetes. E ʻai i nā mea kanu ʻai ʻole; e hoʻemi i kāu ʻai ʻana i nā kō i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā kīʻaha i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia; koho i nā meaʻai holoʻokoʻa ma mua o nā meaʻai i hana ʻia; a hoʻopau i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea inu ʻono a i ʻole ke kō a me nā wai hua.

No nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ua paipai ka ADA i 60 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia lā a ʻoi aku paha i ka hana aerobic haʻahaʻa a ikaika paha a me nā hana hoʻoikaika kino a me nā iwi ma kahi o ʻekolu lā o ka pule.

Makemake paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe e nānā ponoʻī i kāu glucose koko. Kōkua ia iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka piʻi a me ka iho o ke kō koko a puni ka lā, e ʻike i ke ʻano o kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau, a nānā i ka hopena o nā loli ola āu e hana nei. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kamaʻilio pū me ʻoe e pili ana i nā pahuhopu, e komo pū ana kekahi mea i kapa ʻia kāu A1c. Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe a me kāu kauka i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o kāu maʻi maʻi i ka manawa, e like me ʻekolu mahina. He ʻokoʻa kēia ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i kāu glucose koko.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi maʻi type 2 a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomalu me nā loli o ka nohona, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻomaka iā ʻoe i kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo metformin. Ua hoʻololi kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes ma o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā cell i loko o kou kino i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka insulin i kāu ʻōnaehana. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokō i kāu mau pahuhopu, hiki i kāu mea hoʻolako ke hoʻohui i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau lua, a i ʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka insulin. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka koho i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu e loaʻa ai.

ʻO ka laina lalo, hiki mai ka maʻi diabetes iā ʻoe. Aia ʻoe i ka mana, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia.

E aʻo e like me kou hiki e pili ana i kou maʻi a kamaʻilio pū me kāu mea hoʻolako e pili ana i ke ala e loaʻa ai ke kākoʻo āu e pono ai e hoʻokō i kāu mau pahuhopu.
E mālama i ka maʻi diabetes i ka hikiwawe.
E hana i kahi hoʻolālā mālama maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka hana koke ʻana ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi-pilikia e like me ka maʻi kīkī, nalowale ʻike, maʻi puʻuwai, a me ka hahau. Inā loaʻa kāu keiki i ka maʻi diabetes, e kākoʻo a maikaʻi. E hana pū me ka mea mālama mua o kāu keiki e hoʻonohonoho i nā pahuhopu kikoʻī e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou olakino a maikaʻi.
E kūkulu i kāu hui mālama maʻi diabetes. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka meaʻai meaʻai a i ʻole ka mea hoʻonaʻauao diabetes i hōʻoia ʻia.
E hoʻomākaukau no nā kipa me kāu mau mea hoʻolako. E kākau i kāu nīnau, e nānā i kāu hoʻolālā, e hoʻopaʻa i nā hopena o ke kō koko.
E kākau i nā memo i kāu manawa i koho ai, e noi i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o kāu kipa ʻana, a i ʻole e nānā i kāu portal maʻi ma ka pūnaewele.
E nānā i ke koko, ka wāwae, a me ke kaumaha. E kamaʻilio me kāu hui e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā koho lapaʻau hou, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau pono e loaʻa iā ʻoe e hōʻemi i kou pilikia o ka maʻi.
E hoʻomaka me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi e hana i nā maʻamau olakino.
E hana i ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka ʻai ʻana i ʻāpana o kāu hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā
E hoʻopaʻa i kahi pahuhopu a hoʻāʻo e hoʻoikaika i nā lā he nui o ka pule
E hahai i ka papaʻai diabetes. E koho i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, nā kīʻaha holoʻokoʻa, nā ʻiʻo wīwī, ka tofu, nā pīni, nā ʻanoʻano, a me ka waiū momona ʻole a me ka liʻiliʻi.
E noʻonoʻo e hui pū me kahi hui kākoʻo e aʻo ana i nā ʻenehana no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha a noi i ke kōkua inā kaumaha ʻoe, a kaumaha paha.
Hiki i ka hiamoe ʻana no ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau hola i kēlā me kēia pō ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kou ʻano a me ka pae ikehu.

ʻAʻole ʻoe he maʻi diabetic. He kanaka ʻoe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi diabetes, me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui. Aia nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e mākaukau e hele pū me ʻoe i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāu mau pahuhopu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia.

niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/national-diabetes-month#:~:text=November%20is%20National%20Diabetes%20Month,blood%20sugar%2C%20is%20too%20high.

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ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika; Nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino ma ka maʻi diabetes—2020 i hoʻopau ʻia no nā mea mālama mua. Clin Diabetes. 2020;38(1):10-38

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika; Nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio: nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino ma ka maʻi diabetes-2020. Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S163-S182

aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/1101/p2137.html

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika; ʻO ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus. Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. 2014;37(Suppl 1):S81-S90