“Ke ola wale nō,” a i ʻole ke kaumaha?
He mahina maikaʻi ʻo ʻOkakopa. ʻO nā pō maʻalili, ka huli ʻana o nā lau, a me nā mea ʻala a pau.
He mahina hoʻi ia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ko mākou ola kino. Inā like ʻoe me aʻu, manaʻo wau ʻaʻole kāu makemake i nā lā pōkole a me nā pō lōʻihi. Ke manaʻo nei mākou i ka hoʻoilo ma mua, noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ko mākou ola kino. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ke makemake e nānā ʻia no ke ʻano o ko mākou olakino noʻonoʻo.
ʻIke ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino noʻonoʻo mua. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā kūlana olakino e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 14 a me 75% ma ka makahiki 24, ma ka National Association of Mental Health. ʻO ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā pilikia e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, aia ka awelika lohi o 11 mau makahiki ma waena o ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.
I koʻu ʻike, hiki i ka nui ke kūʻē i ka nānā ʻia ʻana no nā mea e like me ke kaumaha. Nui ka poʻe makaʻu i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻana a me ka stigmatized. Ua manaʻo kekahi, e like me ka hanauna o koʻu makua, ʻo kēia mau manaʻo a i ʻole hōʻailona he "ola wale nō" a he hopena maʻamau i ka pilikia. Manaʻo ka poʻe maʻi i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole he maʻi "ʻoiaʻiʻo" ke kaumaha akā ʻo kekahi ʻano kīnā pilikino. ʻO ka mea hope loa, kānalua wale ka poʻe e pili ana i ka pono a i ʻole ka waiwai o ka mālama ʻana. Inā noʻonoʻo ʻoe, hiki i nā hōʻailona he nui o ke kaumaha, e like me ka hewa, ka luhi, a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka manaʻo ponoʻī, hiki ke loaʻa i ke ala o ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua.
Laha ʻia ke kaumaha ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma waena o 2009 a me 2012, 8% o ka poʻe 12 makahiki a ʻoi aʻe i hōʻike i ke kaumaha no ʻelua pule. ʻO ke kaumaha ka hōʻailona nui no 8 miliona mau kipa i nā keʻena kauka, nā keʻena olakino, a me nā lumi pilikia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻopilikia ke kaumaha i nā maʻi ma nā ʻano he nui. ʻOi aku lākou ma mua o ʻehā mau manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ma mua o ka poʻe me ke kaumaha ʻole.
E like me ka ʻike ʻia, ʻo ke kaumaha ka maʻi psychiatric maʻamau i ka lehulehu. Ma ke ʻano he mea mālama mua no nā makahiki he nui, ua ʻike koke ʻoe i ka hiki ʻole mai o nā maʻi i ka ʻōlelo ʻana, "Ua kaumaha au." ʻOi aku paha, hōʻike lākou me ka mea a mākou i kapa ai i nā hōʻailona somatic. ʻO kēia nā mea e like me ke poʻo, nā pilikia kua, a i ʻole ka ʻeha mau. Inā ʻaʻole mākou e nānā no ke kaumaha, ʻo 50% wale nō ka mea i ʻike ʻia.
Ke mālama ʻole ʻia ke kaumaha, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ka maʻi olakino, a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka pepehi kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka hopena o ke kaumaha ma mua o ka mea maʻi hoʻokahi, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā kāne, nā mea hana, a me nā keiki.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā kumu pilikia no ke kaumaha. ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo e kaumaha ʻoe, akā aia paha ʻoe i ka nui o ka pilikia. Hoʻopili lākou i ke kaumaha ma mua, ka makahiki ʻōpio, ka mōʻaukala ʻohana, ka hānau ʻana, ka ʻeha o ka wā kamaliʻi, nā hanana koʻikoʻi i hala iho nei, ke kākoʻo kaiāulu maikaʻi ʻole, ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau, a me ka dementia.
ʻO ke kaumaha, ʻaʻole ia he "lalo." ʻO ka mea maʻamau, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona kokoke i kēlā me kēia lā no ʻelua pule a ʻoi aku paha. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokomo i ka manaʻo haʻahaʻa, nalowale ka hoihoi i nā mea maʻamau, pilikia ka hiamoe ʻana, haʻahaʻa ka ikehu, hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi ʻole, manaʻo waiwai ʻole, a i ʻole nā manaʻo pepehi kanaka.
Pehea ka poʻe ʻelemakule?
Ma luna o 80% o ka poʻe 65 a ʻoi aʻe i loaʻa i hoʻokahi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. He iwakāluakūmālima pākēneka he ʻehā a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia e ka psychiatrists "ke kaumaha nui" ma kahi o 2% o ka poʻe ʻelemakule. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua hewa kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona ma nā kūlana ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kaumaha.
I loko o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻo nā kumu pilikia no ke kaumaha e pili ana i ka mehameha, nalo i ka hana, kahi hōʻailona olakino hou, kōkua ʻole ma muli o ka racism a i ʻole ka makahiki, ʻeha puʻuwai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻeha mau, a me ke kaumaha no ka nalowale.
Nānā
Ke koho nei nā kauka he nui e hana i kahi kaʻina hana ʻelua ʻanuʻu e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā poʻe maʻi i kaumaha paha. ʻO nā mea hana maʻamau ka PHQ-2 a me PHQ-9. ʻO ka PHQ ka nīnau nīnau olakino maʻi. ʻO PHQ-2 a me PHQ-9 nā ʻāpana o ka mea hana nānā PHQ lōʻihi.
No ka laʻana, aia ka PHQ-2 i nā nīnau ʻelua:
- I ka mahina i hala iho nei, ua liʻiliʻi paha kou hoihoi a hauʻoli paha i ka hana ʻana?
- I ka mahina i hala iho nei, ua kaumaha paha ʻoe, ke kaumaha, a i ʻole ka manaʻolana?
Inā pane maikaʻi ʻoe i nā nīnau ʻelua a i ʻole ʻelua, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e loaʻa ʻoe i ke kaumaha, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e koi ai i kāu mea mālama e ʻimi hou i kāu hana.
hope mau manao
ʻO nā hōʻailona kaumaha e alakaʻi i kahi kaumaha nui o ka maʻi mai ka lōʻihi o ke ola a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola. ʻOi aku ka hopena o ke kaumaha i ke ola holoʻokoʻa ma mua o nā hopena o ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka maʻi diabetes, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka hānō, ka puhi ʻana, a me ka hana ʻole o ke kino. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaumaha, me kekahi o kēia a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe, e hōʻeha i nā hopena olakino.
No laila, i kēia ʻOkakopa, e hana ʻoluʻolu iā ʻoe iho (a i ʻole e paipai i kahi mea aloha). E noʻonoʻo i kou wahi e manaʻo ai, a inā he nīnau inā paha e pili ana ʻoe i kahi pilikia olakino, e like me ke kaumaha a i ʻole, e kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola.
Aia ke kōkua maoli.
Resources
nami.org/Advocacy/Policy-Priorities/Improving-Health/Mental-Health-Screening
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18836095/
uptodate.com/contents/screening-for-depression-in-adults
aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/lown-right-care-depression-older-adults.html
aafp.org/pubs/fpm/issues/2016/0300/p16.html
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi noʻonoʻo. 2015;50(6):939. Epub 2015 Feb 7