Manaʻo ka hakahaka
ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole wau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hōʻailona ma nā kahua kaʻaahi London Underground. ʻO ka "ākea" ma laila e pili ana i ka hakahaka ma waena o ka paepae a me ke kaʻaahi maoli. Makemake ka poʻe Brits e hōʻoia ʻoe e heʻe ma luna o kēia wahi, a i ʻole āpau, a holo maluhia ma ke kaʻaahi.
Akā, ke kamaʻilio nei wau e pili ana i kahi āpau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ke āpau o nā lawelawe i loaʻa i kekahi o mākou e hele nei i ke ala o ka mālama ʻana iā mākou iho.
E hoʻihoʻi hou kāua.
Loaʻa pinepine ka poʻe lawelawe mālama mua i nā pahuhopu he nui ke ʻike lākou i kahi maʻi. Ke hoʻolohe nei lākou i nā manaʻo hoʻoikaika a i ʻole nā hopohopo ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea maʻi. I ka manawa like, ke nānā nei lākou i nā kūlana maʻi a lākou e ʻike ai a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻO ka mea hope loa, loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā lawelawe mālama mua nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻomanaʻo iā lākou e pili ana i nā kānana maʻamau, hoʻāʻo, a i ʻole nā maʻi āpau e pono ai. ʻO ka nui o nā kauka a me nā kauka waena e kuhikuhi i kēia ʻo "gap." ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ke ʻike ʻia kekahi o mākou, aia nā lawelawe i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i ko mākou kāne, makahiki, a i ʻole nā kūlana olakino. Loaʻa pū kēia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻōlelo ʻia. Makemake lākou e pani i kēia āpau e like me ka hiki. Manaʻo ka hakahaka.1
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino no mākou a pau e pili ana i ko mākou wahi i ke kaʻina ola. ʻO nā kamaliʻi, nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, nā wahine makua, a me nā kāne he ʻano hana like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema e hōʻemi i ka kaumaha o ka maʻi. He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau hana? I nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, no ka laʻana, kamaʻilio pinepine ke kauka i nā pilikia o ka maʻi a me ka makua / kahu hānai a nīnau e pili ana i ka keʻena pilikia a i ʻole ka mālama haukapila mai ka huakaʻi hope; nā maʻamau o ka nohona (ʻai, hoʻoikaika kino, ka manawa pale, ka ʻike ʻana i ka uahi lua, nā hola hiamoe i ka pō, mālama niho, nā hana palekana); a me ka hana kula. Paipai ka American Academy of Pediatrics i ka nānā ʻana i ka makahiki no ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka nānā ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki no nā pilikia ʻike a me ka lohe, a me ka nānā ʻana no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cholesterol i hoʻokahi manawa ma waena o 9 a me 11 mau makahiki. Manaʻo pū ʻia ka nānā mau ʻana no nā mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka pilikanaka o nā mea pilikia pili i ke olakino. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono i ka makahiki a me ka hopu. Loaʻa nā manaʻo like akā ʻokoʻa no kēlā me kēia hui makahiki a me ke kāne.2
No hea mai kēia mau ʻōlelo paipai? Hele pinepine mai lākou mai nā kumu i mahalo ʻia e like me United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF) a i ʻole nā hui kūikawā i mahalo ʻia e like me American Cancer Society, American Academy of Family Practice, American Academy of Pediatrics, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.3
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā moʻolelo olakino olakino (EHRs) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana, ka loiloi pilikia, a me ke alakaʻi mua. ʻO kēia paha ma muli o "ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻikepili i kūkulu ʻia, nā mea kākoʻo hoʻoholo, ka ʻike lōʻihi o ka ʻikepili maʻi, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike i ka ʻikepili a me ka hōʻuluʻulu mālama ola kino." Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomanaʻo a hoʻomanaʻo paha, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ma o kahi ʻōnaehana kelepona maʻemaʻe, nā leka a i ʻole kāleka, a i ʻole ma ke kino i nā ʻano kipa keʻena ʻē aʻe.4
Ma muli o kēia mau "hana" i hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻolako ʻana o ke kauka mālama mua me nā hopena olakino maikaʻi, e pili ana i nā kumu āpau, ka maʻi kanesa, ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka hahau ʻana, a me ka make pēpē; kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa; manaʻolana ola; a me ke ola kino.5
No laila, ʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pilina me kahi kauka lapaʻau generalist e loaʻa ai nā lawelawe pale. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo koke i ke kumu e paʻa nui ai nā lawelawe mālama mua a hiki ke kaupalena ʻia ka manawa kūpono no ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono ʻē aʻe.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi mea e pili ana i ka pale ʻana. Ua neʻe ʻia (Ke Koho Naʻauao) i nā makahiki he 10+ i hala e ʻike i kēlā mau lawelawe ʻaʻole kōkua maoli. ʻOi aku ma mua o 70 mau hui kūikawā i ʻike aia paha i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana i loko o kā lākou ʻoihana. Aia kahi loulou ma lalo e hōʻike ana i nā lawelawe i manaʻo ʻia e ka American Academy of Family Practice he kōkua ʻole, a i kekahi manawa he pōʻino.6
A ʻae, i kēia manawa he ʻāpana o nā lawelawe i manaʻo ʻia he keiki hou ma ka poloka. Hoʻopaʻa kino COVID-19. Ua manaʻo kekahi e pili ana ʻo COVID-19 i ka maʻi maʻi i ka mea e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi i manaʻo ʻia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua manaʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe ka hopena o ka maʻi kano Covid e like me ke aʻo ʻana i kekahi e ʻaʻole e puhi. Hoʻopili maopopo ʻia ka puhi ʻana i ka emphysema, bronchitis, ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kano COVID-19 e like me ke koho ʻana e puhi. Ma kahi o 64 mau manawa ʻoi aku ʻoe e hoʻopau i ka haukapila me COVID-19 inā koho ʻoe ʻaʻole e loaʻa i ke kano.7
No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e ʻike ai ʻoe i kāu mea mālama mālama maʻamau, e ʻike lākou ke nānā nei lākou iā ʻoe mai ka manaʻo o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe i hiki i kou mau makahiki, ke kāne, a me ke kūlana olakino. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kou olakino, no laila ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻoe e ola i kou ola i kona hiki piha.
E hoʻomaopopo '
- https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/clinical-practice-guidelines/clinical-practice-guidelines.html
- https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0815/p213.html
- https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/uspstf-a-and-b-recommendations
- https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0315/p659.html
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17436988/
- https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/choosing-wisely.html
- https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2022/02/covid-anti-vaccine-smoking/622819/