“Ubomi Nje Kuphela,” Okanye Ngaba Ndidandathekile?

U-Oktobha yinyanga enkulu. Ubusuku obupholileyo, amaqabunga ajikayo, kunye nethanga-zinonge yonke into.

Ikwayinyanga ebekelwe bucala yokucinga ngempilo yethu yeemvakalelo. Ukuba ufana nam, ndiyakrokrela ukuba iimini ezimfutshane kunye nobusuku obude ayingokuthanda kwakho. Njengoko silindele ubusika obuzayo, ukucinga ngendlela esihlangabezana ngayo nempilo yethu yeemvakalelo kunengqiqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba sikulungele ukujonga ukuba impilo yethu yengqondo iqhuba njani na.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo kwangoko kwaziwa kakuhle. Ngokumalunga nesiqingatha seemeko zempilo yengqondo ziqala ngeminyaka eyi-14 kunye ne-75% ngeminyaka engama-24, ngokoMbutho weSizwe weMpilo yeNgqondo. Ukuhlola kunye nokuchonga iingxaki kwangethuba kunceda ukuphucula iziphumo. Ngelishwa, kukho ukulibaziseka okuphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 phakathi kweempawu zokuqala zokuvela kunye nokungenelela.

Kumava am, kunokubakho ukuxhathisa okukhulu ekuhlolweni kwezinto ezifana nokudakumba. Abaninzi bayoyika ukubhalwa phantsi nokubekwa amabala. Bambi, njengesizukulwana sabazali bam, babekholelwa ukuba ezi mvakalelo okanye iimpawu “zibubomi nje” nentsabelo eqhelekileyo kubunzima. Izigulane ngamanye amaxesha zikholelwa ukuba ukudakumba ayisosifo “sokwenyani” kodwa eneneni uhlobo oluthile lwesiphene. Okokugqibela, abaninzi bathandabuza ngokucacileyo malunga nemfuneko okanye ixabiso lonyango. Ukuba ucinga ngako, iimpawu ezininzi zokudakumba, njengokuziva unetyala, ukudinwa, nokungazithembi, zinokungena endleleni yokufuna uncedo.

Uxinezeleko luxhaphakile eUnited States. Phakathi kuka-2009 no-2012, i-8% yabantu abaneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala nangaphezulu babike ukuba banokudakumba ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbini. Ukudakumba luxilongo oluphambili lokutyelelwa kwezigidi ezisi-8 kwiiofisi zoogqirha, iiklinikhi, kunye namagumbi kaxakeka ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukudakumba kuchaphazela izigulane ngeendlela ezininzi. Basengozini ephindwe kane yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunabo bangenalo udandatheko.

Njengoko kunokubonwa, ukudakumba sesona sigulo sengqondo sixhaphakileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi. Njengomboneleli wokhathalelo oluphambili kumashumi eminyaka aliqela, ufunda ngokukhawuleza ukuba abaguli abafane beze besithi, "Ndidakumbile." Okunokwenzeka ngakumbi, babonisa into esiyibiza ngokuba ziimpawu zesomatic. Ezi zizinto ezinjengeentloko, iingxaki zomqolo, okanye iintlungu ezingapheliyo. Ukuba siyasilela ekuboniseni ukudakumba, yi-50% kuphela echongiweyo.

Xa ukudakumba kuhlala kungaphathwanga, kunokukhokelela kumgangatho ophantsi wobomi, iziphumo ezimbi kakhulu kunye neemeko zonyango ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sezempilo, kunye nomngcipheko wokuzibulala. Kwakhona, impembelelo yokudakumba idlulela ngaphaya komguli ngamnye, ibe nefuthe elibi kumaqabane, abaqeshi kunye nabantwana.

Kukho imiba eyaziwayo yomngcipheko wokudakumba. Oku akuthethi ukuba uya kudandatheka, kodwa unokuba sengozini enkulu. Ziquka ukudakumba kwangaphambili, ubudala obuncinane, imbali yentsapho, ukuzalwa komntwana, ukuxhwaleka kwabantwana, iziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo zamva nje, inkxaso ephantsi yentlalontle, umvuzo ophantsi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ukudandatheka asikokuba “phantsi” nje kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba uneempawu phantse yonke imihla iiveki ezimbini nangaphezulu. Zisenokuquka ukuziva uphantsi, ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto zesiqhelo, ingxaki yokulala, amandla aphantsi, ukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo, ukuziva ungento yanto, okanye iingcinga zokuzibulala.

Kuthekani ngabantu abadala abadala?

Ngaphezu kwe-80% yabantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu banesifo esinye esingapheliyo. Amashumi amabini anesihlanu ekhulwini anesine okanye ngaphezulu. Oko oogqirha bengqondo bakubiza ngokuba "kukudandatheka okukhulu" ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka malunga ne-2% yabantu abadala. Ngelishwa, ezinye zezi mpawu zityholwa kwezinye iimeko endaweni yosizi.

Kubantu abadala, imingcipheko yokudandatheka iquka isithukuthezi, ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuxilongwa ngokutsha kwezonyango, ukungabi nakuzinceda ngenxa yobuhlanga okanye ubudala, isifo sentliziyo, amayeza, iintlungu ezingapheliyo, nentlungu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa.

Ukuhlola

Oogqirha abaninzi bakhetha ukwenza inkqubo yokujonga amanyathelo amabini ukunceda ukuchonga ezo zigulana zinokudakumba. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zi-PHQ-2 kunye ne-PHQ-9. I-PHQ imele i-Questionnaire yeMpilo yeSigulana. Zombini i-PHQ-2 kunye ne-PHQ-9 zisetyana zesixhobo sokuhlola se-PHQ eside.

Umzekelo, iPHQ-2 iqulathe le mibuzo mibini ilandelayo:

• Kule nyanga idluleyo, ngaba uye waziva ungenamdla okanye uvuyiswa ukwenza izinto?
• Kule nyanga idlulileyo, ngaba uye waziva uphantsi, udandathekile, okanye uphelelwe lithemba?

Ukuba uphendule kakuhle kuyo nayiphi na okanye kuyo yomibini le mibuzo, oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo unengxaki yokudakumba, kuba oko kuya kukhuthaza umkhathaleli wakho ukuba ajonge ngakumbi ukuba uqhuba njani na.

Iingcamango zokugqibela

Iimpawu zokudakumba zikhokelela kumthwalo omkhulu wesifo ukusuka kubude bobomi kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Iimpembelelo zokudakumba kubude bobomi bubonke bungaphezulu kweziphumo zesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, umbefu, ukutshaya, kunye nokungasebenzi komzimba. Kwakhona, ukudakumba, kunye nazo naziphi na ezi nezinye iimeko zonyango, zenza zibe mandundu iziphumo zempilo.

Ke, kulo Oktobha, zenzele inceba (okanye ukhuthaze umntu omthandayo). Zijonge apho ukhoyo ngokwasemoyeni, kwaye ukuba kukho nawuphi na umbuzo wokuba unokuba ujongana nengxaki yempilo yengqondo, efana nokudakumba okanye ngenye indlela, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Lukho uncedo lokwenene.

 

Resources

nami.org/Advocacy/Policy-Priorities/Improving-Health/Mental-Health-Screening

yentshutshiso.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18836095/

uptodate.com/contents/screening-for-depression-in-adults

aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/lown-right-care-depression-older-adults.html

aafp.org/pubs/fpm/issues/2016/0300/p16.html

Psychiatry Epidemiol. 2015;50(6):939. Epub 2015 Feb 7