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Funda kabanzi apha

Umbono ophantsi

By UBill W, MD

Umthombo womfanekiso: faculty.washington.edu/chudler/armd.html

Intoni? Umbono ophantsi, ngamanye amaxesha owaziwa ngokuba yingxaki yokubona, yinto endiye ndavolontiya ukuba ndibhale iposti yeblogi malunga nayo. Njengogqirha wokhathalelo oluphambili, ndiyavuma ukuba umdla wam uhlala uhambelana nenqanaba lobomi endandikulo.

Ngoku njengoko ndingena kwinqanaba "eliphezulu" lobomi, uqikelele; Iimeko okanye izifo ezichaphazela iqela leminyaka yam zithathelwe ingqalelo yam.

Umbono ophantsi / iNyanga yoKwazisa ngokuncipha kweMacular enxulumene nobudala yile zijongwa minyaka le ngoFebruwari. Yinyanga yokwazisa ejoliswe ekusasazeni ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) kunye nezifo ezichaphazela amehlo ezinokukhokelela ekuboneni.

Athini amanani?

Olona qikelelo lungcono kukuba kukho abantu abazizigidi ezili-196 kwihlabathi jikelele abane-AMD. Kubonakala ngathi abo bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ngabona bachanabeke kakhulu. Enyanisweni, i-AMD yi-Nombolo ye-1 ebangela ukulahleka kombono kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Kukho "iintlobo" ezimbini ze-AMD, kodwa siya kufika kuloo nto ngokukhawuleza. Ishumi elinesithathu ekhulwini labantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-85 banale meko. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe baseYurophu kwaye abafazi bachaphazeleka ngakumbi kunamadoda. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokonakala kokubona kunye nokulahleka kombono kumazwe aphuhlileyo.

Ziziphi iimpawu?

Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

  • Izinto zibonakala zimfiliba embindini wento ethile.
  • Kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukufunda okanye ukwenza eminye imisebenzi emihle ngokukhanya okuphantsi.
  • Uthanda ukubona imigca ethe tye njenge wavy.
  • Kusenokubakho iindawo ezingenanto kwindawo yakho yokubona esembindini.
  • Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-AMD onalo:
  • Abantu abane i-AMD eyomileyo (85-90%)baphulukane nombono ngokucothayo. Basenokuqaphela ingxaki ngeliso elinye okanye omabini xa befunda okanye beqhuba. Okanye basenokuqonda ukuba ngoku bafuna izibane eziqaqambileyo okanye iglasi yokubona kakuhle ukuze babone kakuhle. Abantu abane-AMD eyomileyo ngamanye amaxesha bayaqaphela amabala abonakala emfiliba.
  • Abantu abane i-AMD emanzi (10-15%)inokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza umbono. Xa beqala ukuqaphela iimpawu, banokuba neengxaki kwiliso elinye kuphela. (Kamva, omabini amehlo adla ngokuba neengxaki.) Xa abantu abane-AMD emanzi bejonga imigca ethe tye, imigca ibonakala igobile okanye ijikajika.
  • Le meko iye yadibaniswa nokuwa rhoqo okanye ukulimala.

Ukuba unexhala kwaye ucinga ukuba une-AMD

  • Uvandlakanyo lwakho lokuqala luya kubandakanya imibuzo malunga nezinto ezibonakala zinemilo egqwethekileyo, ukuhla kombono, ukukhanya okudanyazayo okanye okudadayo embonweni, indawo eyimfama, kunye nobunzima bokuqhelana nobumnyama. Uya kubuzwa malunga nemiba yamehlo edlulileyo; imbali yentsapho yezifo zamehlo; imbali yeziyobisi, kubandakanywa i-aspirin kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antioxidant; kunye nembali yentlalo, kuquka nembali yokutshaya.
  • Kufuneka uhlolwe ngamehlo abanzi yi-ophthalmologist.
  • Ukuba une-AMD yangethuba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unokucetyiswa ukuba uzihlole ngokwakho umbono wakho ngegridi ye-Amsler (jonga ngezantsi imizekelo eqhelekileyo nengaqhelekanga).
  • Ukuba uyatshaya…YEKA! Ukutshaya ngowona mngcipheko unamandla oguquguqukayo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye neelipids eziphezulu ziye zadityaniswa ne-AMD. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-"statins" (iyeza lokunciphisa i-cholesterol) kunempembelelo.
  • Ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka ukonyusa ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-omega-3. Ezi ziquka amantongomane, intlanzi efana netuna, isalmon, i-mackerel, okanye ezinye.
  • Ukusetyenziswa okuhambelanayo kokukhusela amehlo kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphezulu. (Gcina iindondo zakho zilungile!)
  • Ubungqina obuninzi bucebisa ukuba abantu abane-AMD basengozini yezifo zenkqubo ezifana ne-stroke. Ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili uya kufuna ukujonga imeko yakho yezempilo iyonke.

impatho

Alukho unyango olukhoyo lokomileyo, okanye olungeyo-neovascular, AMD. Izigulane ezine-AMD ezomileyo kufuneka zinikwe inkxaso; ukucetyiswa malunga nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunye ne-antioxidant supplementation; kwaye ibekwe iliso rhoqo.

Uphononongo lwezifo zamehlo ezinxulumene nobudala (AREDS) lufumanise ukuba idosi ephezulu yomlomo ye-antioxidant yevithamin (oko kukuthi, iivithamin C kunye no-E, i-beta carotene) kunye ne-zinc supplementation yehlise ukuqhubela phambili kwe-AMD ephakathi okanye ephucukileyo malunga ne-25%. Ngaloo ndlela, ubungqina buxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-antioxidant vitamin kunye ne-mineral supplements ezixhasa umsebenzi we-ocular, njengazo zifundwe kwi-AREDS, ukulibazisa ukulahleka kombono kwizigulane ezine-AMD.

I-Vitamin E, i-beta carotene, i-vitamin C, kunye ne-multivitamin supplements azizange ziboniswe ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa uphuhliso lwe-AMD.

Izigulane ezinomanzi, okanye i-neovascular, i-AMD kufuneka ithunyelwe kwi-ophthalmologist yokulawula. Unyango lodidi lokuqala lichiza elichasene ne-VEGF. Eli liyeza elichasene nokukhula kwemithambo yegazi. Eli chiza lilawulwa ngesitofu ngokuthe ngqo kwiliso ngenyanga okanye emva kweenyanga ezintathu. La machiza atshabalalisa ngokukhetha imithambo yegazi ekhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngasemva kweliso. Oku kunokukhokelela kumbono ophuculweyo kwizigulane ezine-neovascular AMD. Kukho abantu abaqala nge-macular degeneration eyomileyo baze baphuhlise uhlobo olumanzi.

ekugqibeleni

Ukubuyisela umbono (uhlala ebizwa ukuhlaziya umbono) ligama elisetyenziswayo elithetha ukubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili ukuphucula umbono xa kukho ukubona okuphantsi. Ngamanye amazwi, yinkqubo yokubuyisela amandla okusebenza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuzimela kumntu olahlekelwe ngumbono ngenxa yokugula okanye ukulimala. Ingqwalasela ikwezo zithintelo ezingenakuzuza kwiindondo zamehlo, iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, amayeza, okanye utyando. Kugxilwe ekuncedeni abantu benze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Umbono we-rehab ufunyenwe uluncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni abantu bagcine ukuzimela kwabo.

 

Resources

macular.org

uptodate.com/contents/age-related-macular-degeneration-the-basics?search=age related macular degeneration&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~72&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_rehabilitation

aafp.org/pubs/fpe/editions/519-adult-eye-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy-and-age-related-macular-degeneration.html

Cheung CMG, Wong TY. Ngaba i-macular degeneration enxulumene neminyaka ibonisa isifo se-systemic? Amathuba amatsha okungenelela kwangoko kunye nonyango. J Intern Med. 2014;276(2):140-153

amslergrid.org/AmslerGrid.pdf