Masu Tabbatar da Lafiyar Jama'a

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Na zaman lafiya
Damalancin Lafiya na Lafiya

Masu tantance lafiyar jama'a - muna jin labarinsu koyaushe, amma menene ainihin su? A sauƙaƙe, su ne abubuwan da ke kewaye da mu - fiye da kyawawan halaye - waɗanda ke ƙayyade sakamakon lafiyarmu. Su ne yanayin da aka haife mu a ciki; inda muke aiki, zama, da tsufa, wannan yana tasiri rayuwarmu.¹Misali, mun san shan sigari yana kara yiwuwar cutar kansa ta huhu, amma shin kun san cewa abubuwa kamar inda kuke zama, iskar da kuke shaka, taimakon jama'a, da matakin ilimin ku na iya shafar lafiyar ku baki daya?

Lafiya mutane 2030 ya gano manyan fannoni guda biyar na abubuwan da ke tantance lafiyar jama'a - ko SDoH - don "gano hanyoyin ƙirƙirar yanayin zamantakewa da na jiki wanda ke inganta lafiya ga kowa." Waɗannan rukunin sune 1) unguwannin mu da muhallin da aka gina, 2) kiwon lafiya da kula da lafiya, 3) mahallin zamantakewa da na al'umma, 4) ilimi, da 5) kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki.¹Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rukunoni yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiyarmu baki ɗaya.

Bari muyi amfani da COVID-19 a matsayin misali. Mun san cewa al'ummomin tsiraru sun fi fuskantar matsalar.²Kuma kuma mun san cewa waɗannan al'ummomin suna gwagwarmaya don samun maganin rigakafi.^3,4,5Wannan misali ne na yadda yanayin muhalli zai iya yin tasiri ga sakamakon lafiyar mu. Yawancin 'yan tsiraru da yawa suna rayuwa a cikin ƙauyuka marasa wadata, da alama suna da mahimmanci ko ayyukan "gaba", kuma suna da karancin samun albarkatu da kiwon lafiya. Wadannan rashin adalci na SDoH duk sun ba da gudummawa ga karuwar adadin shari'o'in COVID-19 da mace-mace tsakanin kungiyoyin marasa rinjaye a Amurka.⁶

Matsalar ruwa a Flint, Michigan wani misali ne na yadda SDoH ke wasa cikin sakamakon lafiyarmu gaba ɗaya. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi iƙirarin cewa SDoH an tsara su ta hanyar rarraba kuɗi, iko, da albarkatu, kuma halin da ake ciki a Flint babban misali ne. A cikin 2014, an sauya tushen ruwan Flint daga Lake Huron - wanda ke karkashin kulawar Detroit Water and Sewage Department - zuwa Kogin Flint.

Ruwan da ke cikin Kogin Flint ya kasance lalatacce ne, kuma ba a ɗauki matakan kula da ruwan ba da hana gubar da sauran munanan ƙwayoyi da ke malala daga bututu zuwa cikin ruwan sha. Gubar na da guba sosai, kuma da zarar an shanye ta, ana ajiye ta a cikin kashinmu, jininmu, da kuma kyallen takarda.⁷Babu matakan “hadari” na gubar dalma, kuma lalacewar ta ga jikin mutum ba za a iya sakewa ba. A cikin yara, ɗaukar hoto mai tsawo yana haifar da jinkiri ga ci gaba, koyo, da haɓaka, kuma yana lalata kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi. A cikin manya, yana iya haifar da cututtukan zuciya da koda, hawan jini, da rage haihuwa.⁸

Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Don masu farawa, shugabannin gari sun buƙaci samun ruwa mai rahusa saboda ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. Flint birni ne mafi talauci, galibi kuma baƙar fata ne. Kusan kashi 40% na mazaunanta suna rayuwa cikin talauci.⁹Saboda yanayin da ya fi karfinsu - da farko rashin kudin gari, da jami'ai wadanda suka zabi "hanyar jira-ta-gani¹⁰maimakon gyara lamarin nan da nan - kusan mutane 140,000 ba tare da sani ba sun sha, suka yi wanka, kuma suka dafa shi da ruwan da aka saka da gubar har tsawon shekara guda. An ayyana dokar ta baci a shekarar 2016, amma mazauna garin Flint za su rayu da illar gubar dalma har tsawon rayuwarsu. Wataƙila mafi yawan damuwa shine gaskiyar cewa kusan 25% na mazaunan Flint yara ne.

Matsalar ruwa ta Flint ta wuce gona da iri, amma muhimmin misali na yadda SDoH zai iya tasiri ga mutane da al'ummomi. Yawancin lokaci, SDoH da muke haɗuwa da shi ba mai tsanani ba ne, kuma ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar ilimi da shawarwari. Don haka, menene zamu iya yi a matsayin ƙungiya don sarrafa SDoH yana tasiri membobinmu? Hukumomin Medicaid na Jiha kamar Colorado Access na iya kuma suna cikin himma don gudanar da SDoH na membobi. Masu kula da kulawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ilimantar da membobi, gano bukatunsu, da samar da hanyoyin samar da kayan aiki don rage shingen kulawa. Programmingoƙarin shirye-shiryenmu na kiwon lafiya da kuma tsoma bakinmu suma suna da nufin rage shingen kulawa da haɓaka sakamakon kiwon lafiya. Kuma, kungiyar tana cikin haɗin gwiwa koyaushe tare da abokan tarayya da hukumomin jihohi don yin shawarwari game da bukatun membobinmu.

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