Mob ntshav qab zib

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis yog National Diabetes Month. Lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm uas cov zej zog thoob plaws tebchaws tau sib koom ua ke los saib xyuas cov ntshav qab zib.

Yog li, vim li cas Kaum Ib Hlis? Zoo siab koj nug.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim lub Kaum Ib Hlis 14th yog hnub yug ntawm Frederick Banting. Tus kws kho mob Canadian no thiab nws pab pawg kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov zoo kawg nkaus rov qab rau xyoo 1923. Nws tau pom los ntawm lwm cov haujlwm uas cov dev uas muaj lawv cov txiav txiav tawm sai sai tsim cov ntshav qab zib thiab tuag. Yog li, nws thiab lwm tus paub tias muaj ib yam dab tsi ua nyob rau hauv lub pancreas uas pab lub cev tswj cov suab thaj (glucose). Nws thiab nws pab neeg muaj peev xwm rho tawm cov tshuaj los ntawm "cov Islands tuaj" ntawm cov hlwb (hu ua Langerhans) thiab muab rau cov dev uas tsis muaj pancreas, thiab lawv ciaj sia. Lo lus Latin rau cov kob yog "insula." Suab paub? Nws yuav tsum, qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj hormone peb paub li insulin.

Banting thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb, James Collip, tom qab ntawd sim lawv cov extract ntawm 14-xyoo-laus hu ua Leonard Thompson. Txij thaum ntawd los, ib tug me nyuam los yog cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tau mob ntshav qab zib nyob qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib xyoos. Leonard nyob mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 27 thiab tuag los ntawm mob ntsws.

Banting tau txais Nobel Prize rau Tshuaj thiab Physiology thiab tam sim ntawd muab nws nrog nws pab neeg. Nws ntseeg tias qhov tshuaj cawm siav no yuav tsum muaj rau txhua tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib, txhua qhov chaw.

Qhov no txhais tau tias tsuas yog 100 xyoo dhau los. Ua ntej ntawd, ntshav qab zib tau lees paub tias tej zaum yog ob yam sib txawv. Nws zoo nkaus li qee tus neeg tuag sai heev thiab lwm tus yuav siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis lossis xyoo. Txawm hais tias ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov kws kho mob tau kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob cov zis los sim nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas rau lawv. Qhov no suav nrog saib cov xim, cov xuab zeb, nws tsw ntxhiab li cas, thiab muaj, qee zaum txawm tasting. Lo lus "mellitus" (raws li hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus) txhais tau tias zib ntab hauv Latin. Cov zis tau qab zib hauv cov ntshav qab zib. Peb tau los ntev hauv ib puas xyoo.

Qhov peb paub tam sim no

Mob ntshav qab zib yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim thaum koj cov ntshav qabzib, tseem hu ua ntshav qab zib, siab dhau lawm. Nws cuam tshuam txog 37 lab tus neeg Asmeskas, suav nrog cov neeg laus thiab cov hluas. Mob ntshav qab zib tshwm sim thaum koj lub cev tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones hu ua insulin txaus, lossis yog tias koj lub cev tsis siv cov tshuaj insulin kom raug. Yog tias tsis kho, nws yuav ua rau dig muag, mob plawv, mob stroke, raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab txiav. Tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau kuaj pom vim tias nyob rau theem pib mob ntshav qab zib, muaj cov tsos mob tsawg, lossis cov tsos mob yuav zoo ib yam li lwm yam mob.

Cov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi?

Qhov tseeb, Greek keeb kwm ntawm lo lus ntshav qab zib txhais tau tias "siphon." Raws li txoj cai, cov kua dej tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Cov tsos mob yuav muaj xws li nqhis dej heev, tso zis ntau zaus, tsis tau piav qhia qhov hnyav, qhov muag tsis pom kev uas hloov ntawm ib hnub mus rau ib hnub, nkees nkees, lossis tsaug zog, tingling lossis loog ntawm tes lossis ko taw, nquag lossis rov ua dua ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov pos hniav lossis zais zis.

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob no, hu rau koj tsev neeg tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau koj lub qhov muag, ob lub raum, thiab cov hlab plawv ua ntej koj pom cov tsos mob. Vim li no, cov kws kho mob nyiam soj ntsuam cov ntshav qab zib hauv cov neeg uas suav tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua. Qhov ntawd suav nrog leej twg?

• Koj laus dua 45 xyoos.
• Koj rog dhau lawm.
• Koj tsis tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua.
• Koj niam koj txiv, kwv tij lossis muam muaj ntshav qab zib.
• Koj muaj ib tug me nyuam uas hnyav tshaj 9 phaus, los yog koj muaj ntshav qab zib gestational thaum koj cev xeeb tub.
• Koj yog Neeg Dub, Neeg Mev, Neeg Amelikas, Neeg Esxias lossis Neeg Pacific Islander.

Kev kuaj, uas tseem hu ua "kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas," feem ntau ua nrog kev kuaj ntshav sai. Koj yuav raug kuaj thaum sawv ntxov, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj dab tsi tom qab noj hmo ua ntej. Kev kuaj ntshav qab zib ib txwm yog qis dua 110 mg ib dL. Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas siab dua 125 mg ib dL qhia tias ntshav qab zib.

Ntau tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib tau txog tsib xyoos ua ntej lawv pom cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib. Txij thaum ntawd los, qee cov neeg twb muaj qhov muag, lub raum, cov pos hniav, lossis cov hlab ntsha puas lawm. Tsis muaj kev kho mob ntshav qab zib, tab sis muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kom noj qab haus huv thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem.

Yog tias koj tau txais kev tawm dag zog ntau dua, saib xyuas koj cov zaub mov, tswj koj qhov hnyav, thiab noj cov tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev txo lossis tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj uas ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua tau. Ua ntej koj paub tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib, sai dua koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej tseem ceeb no.

Ob (lossis ntau dua) hom ntshav qab zib?

Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus txhais tau tias yog lub xeev ntawm cov ntshav qab zib siab vim yog qhov tsis muaj insulin vim yog cov txheej txheem autoimmune. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub cev tab tom tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb hauv pancreas uas ua rau insulin. Kev kho mob noj zaub mov zoo thiab kev txhaj tshuaj insulin txhua hnub (lossis los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob. Yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ntshav siab thiab lwm yam mob.

Prediabetes? Mob ntshav qab zib hom 2?

Tsis zoo li hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, uas yuav tsum tau kho nrog insulin, hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem lossis tsis xav tau insulin. Prediabetes tsis yog ntshav qab zib, tseem. Tab sis cov kws kho mob thiab lwm tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm koj qhov kev kuaj ntshav yog tias koj tab tom txav mus rau cov ntshav qab zib. Los ntawm 2013 txog 2016, 34.5% ntawm cov neeg laus hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas muaj cov mob ntshav qab zib. Koj tus kws kho mob paub yog tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo thiab tej zaum yuav xav sim lossis tshuaj xyuas koj. Vim li cas? Vim tias nws tau pom tias kev ua si lub cev thiab kev noj qab haus huv cov qauv tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj tshuaj tau pom zoo los ntawm Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rau kev tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib, cov pov thawj muaj zog txhawb kev siv metformin rau cov neeg laus uas muaj ntshav qab zib. Kev ncua qhov pib mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov loj heev vim tias 463 lab tus tib neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb muaj ntshav qab zib. Tsib caug feem pua ​​ntawm lawv tsis tau kuaj pom.

Kev pheej hmoo rau tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 lossis ntshav qab zib hom XNUMX?

Txij li thaum ntxov ntawm cov ntshav qab zib muaj cov tsos mob tsawg, muaj cov kev pheej hmoo uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob ntshav qab zib.

• Tsis tu ncua ntawm cov dej qab zib-sweetened nrog rau kev noj cov khoom qab zib thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
• Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev rog rog yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo.
• Cov zaub mov muaj rog thiab qab zib.
• Kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo.
• Kev nthuav tawm rau niam txiv ntshav qab zib thiab leej niam rog rog hauv utero.

Txoj xov zoo? Kev pub niam mis yog kev tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua si lub cev thiab cov qauv noj qab haus huv tau pom tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib.

Muaj ntau hom kev noj qab haus huv zoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib. Noj zaub uas tsis muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab; txo koj cov kev noj qab haus huv ntxiv thiab cov nplej ua kom zoo; xaiv tag nrho cov khoom noj tshaj cov zaub mov tiav; thiab tshem tawm kev noj cov khoom siv dag zog lossis qab zib-sweetened dej haus thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj ntshav qab zib, ADA pom zoo 60 feeb hauv ib hnub lossis ntau dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm aerobic nruab nrab-los yog siv zog thiab ua kom cov leeg nqaij-thiab pob txha muaj zog tsawg kawg peb hnub hauv ib lub lis piam.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav kom koj saib xyuas koj cov ntshav qabzib. Nws pab kom koj nkag siab zoo dua qhov nce thiab nqis ntawm koj cov ntshav qab zib txhua hnub, saib seb koj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm li cas, thiab ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov hauv kev ua neej uas koj ua. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tham nrog koj txog cov hom phiaj, uas suav nrog qee yam hu ua koj A1c. Qhov no muab tswv yim rau koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob txog seb koj cov ntshav qab zib ua li cas dhau sijhawm, zoo li peb lub hlis. Qhov no txawv dua li kev soj ntsuam txhua hnub ntawm koj cov ntshav qabzib.

Yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab tswj tsis tau nrog kev hloov hauv kev ua neej, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pib koj cov tshuaj hu ua metformin. Qhov no tau hloov kho kev saib xyuas ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev ua kom cov hlwb hauv koj lub cev nkag siab ntau dua rau cov insulin hauv koj lub cev. Yog tias koj tseem ua tsis tau raws li koj lub hom phiaj, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ntxiv cov tshuaj thib ob, lossis tseem xav kom koj pib insulin. Qhov kev xaiv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lwm yam mob uas koj yuav muaj.

Hauv qab kab, ntshav qab zib los rau koj. Koj tswj tau, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no.

• Kawm paub ntau npaum li koj tuaj yeem ua tau txog koj tus kab mob thiab tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog seb koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev txhawb nqa uas koj xav tau kom ua tau raws li koj lub hom phiaj.
• Tswj ntshav qab zib kom ntxov li sai tau.
• Tsim ib txoj kev npaj kho mob ntshav qab zib. Kev ua sai sai tom qab kuaj pom tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ntshav qab zib xws li kab mob raum, tsis pom kev, kab mob plawv, thiab mob stroke. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ntshav qab zib, txhawb nqa thiab ua kom zoo. Ua haujlwm nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob thawj zaug los tsim cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb los txhim kho lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
• Tsim koj pab neeg saib xyuas mob ntshav qab zib. Qhov no yuav suav nrog tus kws qhia noj zaub mov lossis tus kws qhia ntawv ntshav qab zib muaj ntawv pov thawj.
• Npaj rau kev mus ntsib nrog koj cov kws kho mob. Sau koj cov lus nug, tshuaj xyuas koj txoj kev npaj, sau koj cov txiaj ntsig ntshav qab zib.
• Sau ntawv ntawm koj lub sijhawm teem tseg, nug cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj qhov kev mus ntsib, lossis tshawb xyuas koj lub vev xaib tus neeg mob online.
• Yuav tsum kuaj ntshav siab, kuaj ko taw, thiab ntsuas qhov hnyav. Tham nrog koj pab neeg txog cov tshuaj thiab cov kev xaiv kho tshiab, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv koj yuav tsum tau txais los txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo mob.
• Pib nrog kev hloov me me los tsim kev noj qab haus huv.
• Ua kom lub cev ua si thiab noj qab nyob zoo ib feem ntawm koj txoj haujlwm niaj hnub
• Teem lub hom phiaj thiab sim ua kom nquag plias feem ntau hnub ntawm lub lim tiam
• Ua raws li kev npaj noj mov rau ntshav qab zib. Xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, tag nrho cov nplej, cov nqaij ntshiv, taum, taum, cov noob, thiab cov mis tsis muaj rog lossis rog tsawg thiab cheese.
• Xav txog kev koom nrog pab pawg txhawb nqa uas qhia cov tswv yim los tswj kev ntxhov siab thiab thov kev pab yog tias koj poob siab, tu siab, lossis ntxhov siab.
• Kev pw tsaug zog rau xya mus rau yim teev txhua hmo tuaj yeem pab txhim kho koj lub siab thiab lub zog.

Koj tsis yog mob ntshav qab zib. Tej zaum koj yuav yog ib tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib, nrog rau ntau yam zoo. Muaj lwm tus npaj los nrog koj ua kom tau raws li koj lub hom phiaj. Koj ua tau qhov no.

 

niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/national-diabetes-month#:~:text=November%20is%20National%20Diabetes%20Month,blood%20sugar%2C%20is%20too%20high.

Kolb H, Martin S. Environmental/lifestyle factor nyob rau hauv pathogenesis thiab tiv thaiv hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. BMC Med. 2017; 15(1):131

American Diabetes Association; Cov qauv kev kho mob hauv ntshav qab zib-2020 abridged rau cov kws kho mob thawj zaug. Mob Ntshav Qab Zib. 2020; 38(1):10-38

American Diabetes Association; Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas: cov qauv kev kho mob hauv ntshav qab zib-2020. Kev Kho Mob Ntshav Qab Zib. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S163-S182

aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/1101/p2137.html

American Diabetes Association; Kev kuaj mob thiab kev faib cov ntshav qab zib mellitus. Kev Kho Mob Ntshav Qab Zib. 2014; 37(Suppl 1): S81-S90