Ukuthandabuza Kuvelaphi?

Ukunikeza ukukhuthazwa kwezempilo okusebenzayo emphakathini oMnyama kube ngumzabalazo isikhathi eside. Ukuphola emuva ezifundweni zomlando ezifana no-1932 Tuskegee experiment, lapho amadoda aMnyama ayeshiywa ngenhloso engalashwa i-syphilis³; kubantu abavelele abanjengoHenrietta Lacks, amaseli awo entshontshwa ngasese ukusiza ukwazisa ngocwaningo lomdlavuza⁴; kungaqondakala ukuthi kungani umphakathi oMnyama unqikaza ukwethemba uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanti ngokomlando impilo yawo yayingabekwa eqhulwini. Ukuphathwa kabi ngokomlando kwabantu abaMnyama, kanye nokudlulisa imininingwane engeyinhle ngempilo yabantu abaMnyama kanye nokudicilelwa phansi kobuhlungu boMnyama, kunikeze umphakathi waseMnyama zonke iziqinisekiso zokungayethembi uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo nalabo abasebenza ngaphakathi kwayo.

Kunezinganekwane eziningana ezihlobene nomphakathi oMnyama ezisadluliselwa emphakathini wezokwelapha namuhla. Lezi zinganekwane kunomthelela omkhulu ekutheni abantu abanemibala baphathwa kanjani emhlabeni wezokwelapha:

1. Izimpawu zabantu abaMnyama ziyefana nezomphakathi wabamhlophe. Izikole zezokwelapha zivame ukutadisha izifo nokugula kuphela ngokwesimo sabantu abamhlophe nemiphakathi, okunganikezi ukumelwa okunembile kwabantu bonke.
2. Umqondo wokuthi ubuhlanga kanye nezakhi zofuzo kunquma kuphela ubungozi empilweni. Ungase uzwe izinto ezinjengabantu abaMnyama zisengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela, kodwa zinembe ngokunembe kakhulu ngenxa yezinhlaka zezenhlalo zezempilo, njengendawo umuntu ahlala kuyo, ingcindezi abhekene nayo (okusho ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga) nokunakekelwa okuyikho ukwazi ukwamukela. Umthelela wobuhlanga kwezempilo kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo akuxoxwa ngakho ngenkuthalo noma kufundwe emphakathini wezokwelapha, okwenza odokotela bafunde abantu abaNsundu, kanye nempilo yabo, njengeqembu elilodwa elikhulu esikhundleni sokukodwa noma ngokugxila komphakathi.
3. Iziguli ezimnyama azinakwethenjwa. Lokhu kungenxa yezinkolelo-mbono nolwazi olungelona iqiniso oludluliswe emphakathini wezokwelapha. Ngokwalokho okutholwe nguWallace, umphakathi wezokwelapha uvame ukukholelwa ukuthi iziguli eziMnyama azinalo iqiniso ngesimo sempilo yazo futhi kukhona lapho ezifuna khona okunye (okusho ukuthi umuthi kadokotela).
4. Inganekwane eyedlule nayo idla eyesine; ukuthi abantu abaMnyama benza ihaba ngobuhlungu babo noma banokubekezelela okuphezulu kobuhlungu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukholelwa ukuthi abantu abaMnyama banesikhumba esijiyile, futhi ukuphela kwemizwa yabo akuzweli kangako kunokwabelungu. Ukuqinisa imibono enjengale, isifundo sokucwaninga kukhombisile ukuthi u-50% wabafundi bezokwelapha abangama-418 ababuziwe bakholelwa okungenani inkolelo eyodwa yobuhlanga uma kukhulunywa ngosizo lwezokwelapha. Izinganekwane ezinjengalezi zenza umgoqo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, futhi uma ucabanga emuva kwinganekwane yesibili, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani umphakathi wabamnyama ungaba namazinga aphezulu ezimo zezempilo.
5. Okokugcina, iziguli eziMnyama zikhona kuphela ukuthola imithi. Ngokomlando, iziguli eziMnyama zibhekwa njengemilutha, futhi izinhlungu azivamisile ukuthi ziphathwe kahle ezigulini eziMnyama. Lokhu akubangeli kuphela impilo yabantu abadala kepha kuqala lapho iziguli ziyizingane. Ocwaningweni lwezingane ezingaba yisigidi ezine-appendicitis e-US, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezimhlophe, izingane eziMnyama mancane amathuba okuthi zithole imishanguzo yezinhlungu zombili ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo nobunzima.² Futhi, ukubuyela enganekwaneni yesibili, lokhu kukhomba ezinqumweni zezenhlalo zezempilo (okusho ukutholakala kokunakekelwa okufanele) okunomthelela ekuthembekeni kwesiguli esimnyama nesikhathi esifushane kuhlelo.

Manje, njengoba singena emhlabeni we-COVID-19 kanye nomuthi wokugoma, kunokungabaza okuningi okunengqondo mayelana nokuthemba uhulumeni futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthembela uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi luzohlinzeka ngokufanele. Lokhu akubangelwa nje kuphela wukuhlukunyezwa okungumlando kwabantu abaMnyama ohlelweni lwezempilo, kodwa futhi nasempatho imiphakathi yabamnyama ethola kuzo zonke izinhlelo e-United States. Sibonile amavidiyo abonakala sengathi akhombisa isihluku samaphoyisa, afunde ngamacala akhombisa ukungabi bikho kobulungiswa ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa ezweni lethu, futhi abonile ngovukelo lwakamuva enhlokodolobha yesizwe sethu lapho izinhlelo zamandla ziphonswa inselelo. Uma kubhekwa imithetho yakamuva, izinqubomgomo, nodlame nokuthi abezindaba bazibika kanjani lezi zinkinga, kungabonakala ukuthi kungani abantu bebala nemiphakathi yabo benqena ukukholwa ukuthi uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lubheke.

Manje-ke yini okufanele siyenze? Senza kanjani ukuthi abantu abaNsundu abaningi kanye nabantu bebala bathembe uhlelo lwezempilo futhi banqobe ukungabaza okunengqondo? Yize kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokwakha ukwethembeka ngokweqiniso, isinyathelo esikhulu sandisa ukumelwa kohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukumelwa nakho kungathonya kakhulu ukwethembana. Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi eqenjini lamadoda angu-1,300 aMnyama anikezwa ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwamahhala, labo ababona udokotela oMnyama babenamathuba angama-56% okuthola umkhuhlane, abangu-47% amathuba okuvuma ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela, kanye no-72% maningi amathuba okuthi amukele ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol.⁵ Uma lokhu kukhombisa noma yini, ngukuthi lapho uzibona kumuntu othile, kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhululekeni. Kanye nokumelwa ngokobuhlanga, sidinga nemfundo eyengeziwe ngokulingana kwezempilo nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okulinganayo kodokotela. Ngalezi zinguquko ezicatshangelwayo ohlelweni lwethu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, lokho kwethemba kungakhiwa, kepha kuzothatha isikhathi nomsebenzi omningi.

Ngakho-ke, njengowesifazane oMnyama, ingabe ngiyogonywa? Impendulo imane ithi yebo futhi yingakho - ngibona kuyinto efanele kimi ukuyenza ukuzivikela, engibathandayo kanye nomphakathi wami. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ithole ukuthi uma iqhathaniswa nomphakathi wabamhlophe, abantu abaMnyama banamathuba aphindwe kayi-1.4 okuba namacala e-COVID-19, amathuba aphindwe ka-3.7 okulaliswa esibhedlela, kanye namathuba angama-2.8 okufa ngawo. I-COVID-19.¹ Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma kungaziwa futhi kusabise, amaqiniso e-COVID-19 nawo ayasabisa. Uma uzithola ubuza uma ufuna ukuthola umuthi wokugoma, yenza ucwaningo lwakho, khuluma nombuthano wakho, bese ubuza imibuzo. Ungahlola futhi ukuthi Iwebhusayithi yeCDC, lapho bephendula izinganekwane namaqiniso omuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19.

Okubhekwayo

1. Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, i-CDC. (Feb 12, 2021). Ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa ngohlanga / ubuhlanga. Ibuyiswe kusuka ku- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html
2. UWallace, A. (Sep 30,2020). Ubuhlanga Nemithi: 5 Izinganekwane eziyingozi zezokwelapha ezilimaza abantu abamnyama. Ibuyiswe kusuka ku- https://www.healthline.com/health/dangerous-medical-myths-that-hurt-black-people#Myth-3:-Black-patients-cannot-be-trusted
3. UNix, E. (Dec 15, 2020). Isilingo seTuskegee: Ucwaningo olubi lwe-syphilis. Ibuyiswe kusuka ku- https://www.history.com/news/the-infamous-40-year-tuskegee-study
4. (Septhemba 1, 2020). Ukushoda kukaHenrietta: Isayensi kufanele ilungise iphutha elingokomlando https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02494-z
5. UTorres, N. (Aug 10, 2018) Ucwaningo: Ukuba nodokotela omnyama kuholele abesilisa ekutholeni ukunakekelwa okuphumelela kakhulu. Ibuyiswe kusuka ku- https://hbr.org/2018/08/research-having-a-black-doctor-led-black-men-to-receive-more-effective-care