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Nakhu silapha. Ukuphela konyaka sekufikile; Siyazi ukuthi lesi yisikhathi senjabulo, ukugubha, nokuxhumana nabantu esibathandayo. Nokho, abaningi bazizwa bedabukile noma banesizungu. Ngeshwa, ukuphumelela ekuphileni kulezi zinsuku akubandakanyi ubungane. Kwenzekani? UDaniel Cox, ebhala kuyi-New York Times, wathi sibonakala sisohlotsheni oluthile “lokuwohloka kobungane.” Ngokusobala, kunemibono eminingi yokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Kukhona ukuvumelana okwengeziwe nokho ngomthelela wokuxhumana nempilo yethu yengqondo nengokwenyama. Ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu kubonakala kaningi njengezinkinga zezempilo zomphakathi neziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi yengqondo nengokomzimba.

Ngokocwaningo Lwempilo YaseMelika, thina bantu sibonakala sinabangane abaseduze abambalwa, asikhulumi kangako nabangane, futhi sincika kakhulu kubangane ukuze basisekele. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa yabantu baseMelika ibika abangani abathathu noma abambalwa abaseduze, kuyilapho ama-36% abika abane kuya kwabayisishiyagalolunye. Eminye yale mibono ihlanganisa ukuncipha kokubandakanyeka emisebenzini yenkolo, ukwehla kwezinga lomshado, isimo esiphansi senhlalo-mnotho, ukuba nesifo esingamahlalakhona, ukusebenza amahora amade, nezinguquko emsebenzini. Futhi, njengoba abaningi bethu bethembele endaweni yokusebenza ukuze baxhumane, lokhu kuye kwakhuphula imizwa yesizungu kanye nokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi.

Kunama-nuances athakazelisayo kudatha. Isibonelo, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika nabamaSpanishi babonakala beneliseke kakhulu ngobungane babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bavame ukufuna ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo kubangane. Bazikhandla ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano babo…ngisho nokutshela umngane ukuthi bayabathanda! Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-15% yamadoda ayibiki ubuhlobo obuseduze. Lokhu kukhule ngesilinganiso sesihlanu kule minyaka engu-30 edlule. URobert Garfield, umbhali nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, uthi amadoda athambekele “ekufihleni ubungane bawo; okusho ukuthi abazinikeli isikhathi sokuzigcina.

Ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kuwukungabikho okuhlosiwe noma ukuntula ukuxhumana nabanye abantu, kuyilapho isizungu sichazwa njengokuzizwisa okungathandeki. Amagama ahlukile, nakuba evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, futhi womabili anemithelela efanayo yezempilo. Ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu kuya ngokuya kuvame emaqenjini abantu abadala. Ucwaningo lukazwelonke lubika ukuthi cishe umuntu omdala oyedwa kwabane abahlala emphakathini ubika ukuhlukaniswa nomphakathi, futhi cishe u-30% ubika ukuzizwa enesizungu.

Kungani izinga lomshado lingaba nomthelela? Nokho, ngokwedatha yenhlolovo, cishe ama-53% alabo ababikayo bathi abalingane babo noma abalingani babo ngokuvamile kuba ngowokuqala ukuxhumana nabo. Uma ungenaye omunye obalulekile, ungase uzizwe unesizungu.

Umthelela ofanayo nokubhema noma ukukhuluphala?

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kuvame kangakanani, abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kufanele bacabangele imithelela yezempilo ehambisana nokuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Indikimba ekhulayo yocwaningo ibonisa ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kokuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu esinemiphumela emibi. Ukufa okuyimbangela yonke kukhuphuka ngezinga elifanayo nelokubhema noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ziningi izifo zenhliziyo nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Omunye walo mthelela ungenxa yabantu abangabodwana ababika ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kukagwayi nokunye ukuziphatha kwezempilo okuyingozi. Laba bantu abangabodwa basebenzisa izinsiza eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngoba bavame ukuba nezimo zempilo ezingapheli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, babika ukungahambisani neseluleko sezokwelapha abasitholayo.

Indlela yokukhuluma

Ohlangothini lwabahlinzeki, "imithetho yezenhlalo" iyindlela eyodwa. Lona umzamo wokuxhumanisa iziguli nezinsizakalo zokusekela emphakathini. Lokhu kungase kube ukusebenzisa umphathi wecala ongahlola imigomo, izidingo, ukusekelwa komndeni futhi enze ukudluliselwa. Odokotela bavame ukudlulisela iziguli emaqenjini okusekela ontanga. Lokhu kuvame ukusebenza kahle kulezo ziguli ezinenkinga yezempilo ehlanganyelwe noma isimo. Amandla ala maqembu ukuthi iziguli zivame ukwamukela imibono evela kwabanye ababhekene nesimo esifanayo. Amanye ala maqembu manje nawo ahlangana “ezingosini zezingxoxo” noma kwezinye izingosi zokuxhumana.

UCatherine Pearson, ebhala ku-Times ngoNovemba 8, 2022 uchaze izindlela ezine sonke esingazicabangela ekubhekaneni nemizwa yokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi noma isizungu:

1. Zijwayeze ukuba sengozini. Ngikhuluma ngedwa nalapha. Kwanele ngobudoda noma ubustolo. Kulungile ukutshela abantu ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ngabo. Cabangela ukujoyina amaqembu ontanga ahlelekile ukuze uthole ukwesekwa. Cabangela ukwabelana ngezinkinga zakho nomngane wakho.
2. Ungacabangi ukuthi ubungane bungenzeka ngephutha noma ngenhlanhla. Badinga isinyathelo. Finyelela kumuntu.
3. Sebenzisa imisebenzi ukuze uzuze. Iqiniso liwukuthi, abaningi bethu bakhululeka kakhudlwana ukuhlangana nabanye uma sihlanganyela emsebenzini othile. Kuhle lokho. Kungaba umdlalo, noma ukuhlangana ndawonye ukulungisa noma ukwenza okuthile.
4. Sebenzisa amandla "okungena" okuvamile ngombhalo noma i-imeyili. Kungase kube isikhuthazo umuntu asidingayo namuhla, ukwazi nje ukuthi kucatshangwa ngaso.

aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0700/p85.html

Ucwaningo lwe-American Perspectives lwangoMeyi 2021

Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zesayensi, Ubunjiniyela, Nezokwelapha. Ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu kubantu abadala asebekhulile: amathuba ohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. 2020. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 21, 2021. https://www.nap.edu/read/25663/chapter/1

Smith BJ, Lim MH. Ukuthi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lugxile kanjani ekunakeni isizungu kanye nokuzihlukanisa nabantu. Umkhuba Wezempilo Womphakathi. 2020;30(2):e3022008.

U-Courtin E, u-Knapp M. Ukuzihlukanisa komphakathi, isizungu kanye nempilo ebudaleni: ukubuyekezwa kwesikophu. Health Soc Care Community. 2017;25(3):799-812.

Freedman A, Nicolle J. Ukuhlukaniswa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu: ama-giants amasha: indlela yokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo. Can Fam Udokotela. 2020;66(3):176-182.

U-Leigh-Hunt N, u-Bagguley D, u-Bash K, et al. Uhlolojikelele lokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwemiphumela yezempilo yomphakathi yokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi kanye nesizungu. Impilo Yomphakathi. 2017;152:157-171.

I-Due TD, Sandholdt H, Siersma VD, et al. Odokotela babazi kahle kangakanani ukusebenzelana kweziguli zabo esezikhulile nemizwa yesizungu? I-BMC Fam Pract. 2018;19(1):34.

Veazie S, Gilbert J, Winchell K, et al. Ukubhekana nokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yabantu abadala asebekhulile: ukubuyekezwa okusheshayo. Inombolo yombiko we-AHRQ. 19-EHC009-E. Isikhungo Socwaningo Nekhwalithi Yezempilo; 2019.

 

 

 

 

 

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