Diabetes

UNovemba yiNyanga Kazwelonke Yesifo Sikashukela. Lesi yisikhathi lapho imiphakathi ezweni lonke ihlangana ukuze kubhekwe isifo sikashukela.

Ngakho, kungani ngoNovemba? Ngiyajabula ukubuza.

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ngoNovemba 14 usuku lokuzalwa lukaFrederick Banting. Lo dokotela waseCanada kanye nethimba lakhe lososayensi benza into emangalisayo emuva ngo-1923. Wabona ngomsebenzi wabanye ukuthi izinja ezakhishwa amanyikwe azo ngokushesha zaba nesifo sikashukela futhi zafa. Ngakho-ke, yena nabanye babazi ukuthi kunento eyenziwe kumanyikwe esiza umzimba ukulawula ushukela (iglucose). Yena nethimba lakhe bakwazi ukukhipha ikhemikhali “eziqhingini” zamangqamuzana (okuthiwa amaLangerhans) balinikeza izinja ezingenawo amanyikwe, futhi zasinda. Igama lesiLatini elisho isiqhingi lithi “insula.” Uzwakala ujwayelekile? Kufanele, lokhu kuwumsuka wegama lehomoni esiyazi njenge-insulin.

UBanting nomunye usosayensi, uJames Collip, base bezama isiqephu sabo ku-Leonard Thompson oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingane noma osemusha owayenesifo sikashukela wayephila isilinganiso esingangonyaka owodwa. ULeonard waphila waze waba neminyaka engu-27 ubudala futhi wabulawa yinyumoniya.

U-Banting uthole uMklomelo KaNobel Wezokwelapha Nezomzimba futhi ngokushesha wabelana ngawo neqembu lakhe lonke. Wayekholelwa ukuthi le hormone esindisa ukuphila kufanele yenziwe itholakale kubo bonke abanesifo sikashukela, yonke indawo.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngokoqobo eminyakeni eyi-100 kuphela edlule. Ngaphambi kwalokho, isifo sikashukela besaziwa njengezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene. Kwakubonakala sengathi abanye bafa ngokushesha okukhulu kanti abanye kwakungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ngisho neminyaka engaba yinkulungwane edlule, odokotela babezohlola umchamo wesiguli ukuze bazame ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngaso. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukubheka umbala, inzika, ukuthi yayinuka kanjani, yebo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokunambitha. Igama elithi “mellitus” (njengesifo sikashukela i-mellitus) lalisho uju ngesiLatini. Umchamo wawumnandi kwabanesifo sikashukela. Sesihambe ibanga elide eminyakeni eyikhulu.

Esikwaziyo manje

Isifo sikashukela yisifo esenzeka lapho ushukela wegazi lakho, obizwa nangokuthi ushukela, uphezulu kakhulu. Kuthinta abantu baseMelika ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-37, okuhlanganisa abantu abadala kanye nentsha. Isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi ihomoni eyanele ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin, noma uma umzimba wakho ungasebenzisi i-insulin ngendlela efanele. Uma ingelashwa, ingase ibangele ubumpumputhe, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukwehluleka kwezinso nokunqunywa kwezitho. Uhhafu kuphela wabantu abanesifo sikashukela abatholakala benesifo sikashukela ngenxa yokuthi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela, ziba nezimpawu ezimbalwa, noma izimpawu zifane nezinye izimo zempilo.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela?

Eqinisweni, umsuka wesiGreki wegama elithi isifo sikashukela wawusho “siphon.” Eqinisweni, uketshezi lwalukhishwa emzimbeni. Izimpawu zingahlanganisa ukoma okwedlulele, ukuchama njalo, ukuncipha kwesisindo ngendlela engaqondakali, ukubona lufifi okushintsha usuku nosuku, ukukhathala okungajwayelekile, noma ukozela, ukuntweza noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni noma ezinyaweni, isikhumba esivamile noma esiphindelelayo, izifo ezingasini noma esinyeni.

Uma unesinye salezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho womndeni ngokushesha.

Umonakalo kungenzeka kakade wenzeka emehlweni akho, izinso, nesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngaphambi kokuba ubone izimpawu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abahlinzeki bezempilo bathanda ukuhlolela isifo sikashukela kubantu ababhekwa njengengozi enkulu. Kuhlanganisa nobani lokho?

• Uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-45.
• Ukhuluphele.
• Awuzivocavoci njalo.
• Umzali wakho, umfowenu noma udadewenu unesifo sikashukela.
• Ubunengane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-9, noma ube nesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.
• Ungumuntu omnyama, umSpanishi, umdabu waseMelika, ungowase-Asia noma ungowasesiqhingini sasePacific.

Ukuhlola, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi “ukuhlola,” ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lokuzila ukudla. Uzohlolwa ekuseni, ngakho-ke akufanele udle noma yini ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa ngayizolo. Umphumela wokuhlolwa ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile ungaphansi kuka-110 mg nge-dL ngayinye. Umphumela wokuhlolwa ongaphezu kuka-125 mg nge-dL ngayinye uphakamisa isifo sikashukela.

Abantu abaningi banesifo sikashukela cishe iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba babonise izimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Ngaleso sikhathi, abanye abantu sebevele balimele iso, izinso, izinsini noma izinzwa. Alikho ikhambi lesifo sikashukela, kodwa zikhona izindlela zokuhlala unempilo futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga.

Uma uthola ukuvivinya umzimba okwengeziwe, bheka indlela odla ngayo, ulawule isisindo sakho, futhi uphuze noma yimuphi umuthi udokotela owunikezayo, ungenza umehluko omkhulu ekunciphiseni noma ekuvimbeleni umonakalo ongenziwa isifo sikashukela. Uma wazi kusenesikhathi ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, yilapho ungenza ngokushesha lezi zinguquko ezibalulekile zendlela yokuphila.

Izinhlobo ezimbili (noma ngaphezulu) zesifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sichazwa njengesimo soshukela ophezulu wegazi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin ngenxa yenqubo ye-autoimmune. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba uhlasela futhi ucekele phansi amaseli kumanyikwe akhiqiza i-insulin. Ukwelashwa ngokudla okunempilo kanye nemijovo eminingi yansuku zonke ye-insulin (noma ngephampu) kuyizinsika zokwelashwa. Uma unesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1, kufanele uhlolelwe umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezinye izimo ezihambisana nakho.

I-Prediabetes? Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2?

Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1, okufanele selashwe nge-insulin, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singase siyidinge noma singayidingi i-insulin. I-Prediabetes ayisona isifo sikashukela, okwamanje. Kodwa odokotela nabanye abahlinzeki bangakwazi ukubona ekuhlolweni kwegazi lakho uma uhamba ngendlela yesifo sikashukela. Kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2016, ama-34.5% abantu abadala base-US babene-prediabetes. Umhlinzeki wakho uyazi uma usengozini futhi angase afune ukukuhlola noma ukukuhlola. Kungani? Ngoba kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba nezindlela zokudla okunempilo kuyaqhubeka nokuba yizinsika zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela. Yize zingekho izidakamizwa ezigunyazwe yiFood and Drug Administration (FDA) yokuvikela isifo sikashukela, ubufakazi obuqinile busekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-metformin kubantu abadala abane-prediabetes. Ukubambezeleka kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela kukhulu ngoba abantu abayizigidi ezingama-463 emhlabeni wonke banesifo sikashukela. Amaphesenti angu-XNUMX awo ayengakatholakali.

Izici eziyingozi ze-prediabetes noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela?

Njengoba izigaba zokuqala zesifo sikashukela zinezimpawu ezimbalwa, kunezici eziyingozi ezandisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo sikashukela.

• Ukuphuza njalo iziphuzo ezinoshukela kanye nokuphuzwa kweziphuzo ezinoshukela okuzenzela kanye nejusi yezithelo.
• Ezinganeni, ukukhuluphala kuyingozi enkulu.
• Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi noshukela.
• Ukuziphatha kokuhlala.
• Ukuchayeka kushukela kamama kanye nokukhuluphala komama esibelethweni.

Izindaba ezinhle? Ukuncelisa ibele kuyavikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvivinya umzimba nokudla okunempilo kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuyizinsika zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokudla okunempilo zamukelekile ezigulini ezine-prediabetes. Yidla imifino engeyona isitashi; nciphisa ukudla kwakho ushukela owengeziwe kanye nezinhlamvu ezicolisisiwe; khetha ukudla okuphelele kunokudla okugayiwe; futhi uqede ukuphuza iziphuzo ezenziwe ngokwenziwa noma ezinoshukela neziphuzo zezithelo.

Ezinganeni nentsha enesifo sikashukela, i-ADA incoma imizuzu engama-60 ngosuku noma ngaphezulu yomsebenzi we-aerobic omaphakathi noma onamandla kanye nemisebenzi eqinile yokuqinisa imisipha nokuqinisa amathambo okungenani izinsuku ezintathu ngesonto.

Udokotela wakho angase afune ukuthi uzihlole ngokwakho i-glucose yakho yegazi. Kukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukunyuka nokwehla kukashukela wegazi lakho usuku lonke, ukuze ubone ukuthi imithi yakho isebenza kanjani, futhi uhlole umthelela wezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ozenzayo. Udokotela wakho angase akhulume nawe ngemigomo, ehlanganisa okuthile okubizwa nge-A1c yakho. Lokhu kunikeza wena kanye nodokotela wakho impendulo yokuthi isifo sikashukela sakho siqhubeka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengezinyanga ezintathu. Lokhu kuhlukile kunokuqapha kwansuku zonke kweglucose yakho yegazi.

Uma unesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2 futhi ungakwazi ukulawula ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, udokotela wakho angase akuqale ngomuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-metformin. Lokhu kuguqule ukunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokwenza amaseli asemzimbeni wakho azwele kakhulu ku-insulin ohlelweni lwakho. Uma namanje ungahlangabezani nemigomo yakho, umhlinzeki wakho angase engeze umuthi wesibili, noma aze atuse ukuthi uqale i-insulin. Ukukhetha kuvame ukuncika kwezinye izimo zezempilo ongase ube nazo.

Ngezansi, isifo sikashukela siza kuwe. Nguwe olawulayo, futhi ungakwenza lokhu.

• Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesifo sakho futhi ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi ungakuthola kanjani ukwesekwa okudingayo ukuze uhlangabezane nezinhloso zakho.
• Lawula isifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi.
• Dala uhlelo lokunakekela isifo sikashukela. Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ngemva kokuxilonga kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo sikashukela-izinkinga ezifana nesifo sezinso, ukulahlekelwa umbono, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sohlangothi. Uma ingane yakho inesifo sikashukela, yisekele futhi ube nesimo sengqondo esihle. Sebenza nomhlinzeki wokunakekela oyinhloko wengane yakho ukuze uzibekele imigomo ethile yokuthuthukisa impilo yayo yonke kanye nokuphila kahle.
• Yakha ithimba lakho lokunakekela isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise isazi sokudla okunempilo noma uthisha oqinisekisiwe wesifo sikashukela.
• Lungiselela ukuvakasha nabahlinzeki bakho. Bhala phansi umbuzo wakho, ubuyekeze uhlelo lwakho, urekhode imiphumela yakho kashukela egazini.
• Thatha amanothi ngesikhathi sakho, cela isifinyezo sokuvakasha kwakho, noma uhlole ingosi yakho yesiguli eku-inthanethi.
• Hlola umfutho wegazi, uhlole unyawo, futhi uhlole isisindo. Khuluma nethimba lakho mayelana nemithi kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha, kanye nemithi yokugoma okufanele uyithole ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokugula.
• Qala ngezinguquko ezincane ukuze udale imikhuba enempilo.
• Yenza umsebenzi womzimba nokudla okunempilo kube yingxenye yendlela yakho yansuku zonke
• Zibekele umgomo bese uzama ukusebenza izinsuku eziningi zeviki
• Landela uhlelo lokudla lwesifo sikashukela. Khetha izithelo nemifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, inyama engenawo amandla, i-tofu, ubhontshisi, imbewu, nobisi noshizi okungenawo amafutha noma okunamafutha amancane.
• Cabangela ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela elifundisa amasu okulawula ingcindezi futhi ucele usizo uma uzizwa udangele, uphatheke kabi, noma ukhungathekile.
• Ukulala amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ubusuku ngabunye kungasiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sakho sengqondo kanye nezinga lamandla.

Awuyena onesifo sikashukela. Ungase ube umuntu onesifo sikashukela, kanye nezinye izici eziningi. Kukhona abanye abalungele ukuza nawe ekuhlangabezaneni nezinhloso zakho. Ungakwenza lokhu.

 

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