Imithi yokugoma yango-2021

Ngokwe-CDC, ukugoma kuzovimbela ukulaliswa esibhedlela okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-21 kanye nokufa kwezi-730,000 phakathi kwezingane ezizalwe kule minyaka engu-20 edlule. Ku-$1 ngayinye etshalwe emithini yokugoma, imali elinganiselwa ku-$10.20 iyongiwa ezindlekweni zokwelashwa eziqondile. Kodwa imfundo eyengeziwe yesiguli iyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga okugoma.

Pho, yini inkinga?

Njengoba kusalokhu kunenganekwane enkulu mayelana nemithi yokugoma, ake sicwilise phakathi.

Umuthi wokugoma wokuqala

Ngo-1796, udokotela u-Edward Jenner waphawula ukuthi ama-milkmaid ahlala evikelekile engxoxweni eyayihlasela abantu endaweni. Ukuhlola kukaJenner okuphumelelayo nge-cowpox kwabonisa ukuthi ukuthelela isiguli nge-cowpox kwasivikela ekungenweni ingxibongo, futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, kwakha umqondo wokuthi ukuthelela iziguli ezingabantu ngesifo esifanayo, kodwa esingahlaseleki kakhulu, kungavimbela izifundo ukuthi zibe zimbi kakhulu. Waziwa njengoyise we-immunology, uJenner utuswa ukuthi nguye owadala umuthi wokugoma wokuqala emhlabeni. Ngokuqondana, igama elithi "umgomo" lisuka ku vala, igama lesiLatini elisho inkomo, nokuthi igama lesiLatini elithi cowpox lalinjalo umgomo we-variolae, okusho ukuthi “umqubuko wenkomo.”

Nokho, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 kamuva, ukubheduka kwezifo ezigonywayo kusekhona, futhi kwezinye izindawo emhlabeni kuyanda.

Kube nocwaningo olwenziwe kuwebhu ngoMashi ka-2021 olwenziwe yi-American Academy of Family Physicians olwakhombisa ukuzethemba komuthi wokugoma ngokuyisisekelo kufana noma kunyuswe kancane ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19. Cishe u-20% wabantu abahlolwa bazwakalise ukwehla kokuthenjwa kwemithi yokugoma. Uma uhlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi abantu abambalwa banomthombo oyinhloko wokunakekelwa futhi abantu baya ngokuya bethola ulwazi oluvela ezindabeni, ku-inthanethi, nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani kunaleli qembu elisabeleselayo labangabaza umgomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalolu bhubhane, abantu bafinyelela emithonjeni yabo evamile yokunakekelwa izikhathi ezimbalwa, okubenza babe sengozini yokuthola ulwazi olunganembile.

Ukuthembela kuyisihluthulelo

Uma ukuzethemba emithini yokugoma kuholela ekutholeni imigomo edingekayo wena noma izingane zakho, kuyilapho ukungazethembi kwenza okuphambene, khona-ke u-20% wabantu abangayitholi imithi yokugoma enconywayo usibeka sonke lapha e-US engcupheni yezifo ezingagwemeka. Cishe sidinga okungenani u-70% wabantu ukuze bavikeleke ku-COVID-19. Ezifweni ezithathelwanayo kakhulu njengesimungumungwane, lelo nani lisondele ku-95%.

Ukungabaza kokugoma?

Ukungabaza noma ukwenqaba ukugoma naphezu kokuba khona kwemithi yokugoma kusongela ukubuyisela emuva inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ekubhekaneni nezifo ezigwemeka ngokugoma. Kwesinye isikhathi, kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, lokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ukungabaza komuthi wokugoma kungase kube ukungabi nandaba. Inkolelo ethi “lokhu ngeke ingithinte,” ngakho abanye banomuzwa wokuthi lezi yizinkinga zabanye abantu hhayi ezabo. Lokhu sekuvuse izingxoxo eziningi mayelana “nenkontileka yethu yezokuxhumana” sobabili. Lokhu kuchaza izinto esizenzayo ngabanye ukuze kuzuze bonke. Kungase kuhlanganise ukuma elathini elibomvu, noma ukungabhemi endaweni yokudlela. Ukugonywa kungenye yezindlela ezingabizi kakhulu zokugwema izifo - njengamanje kuvimbela ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezi-2-3 ngonyaka, kanti enye eyizigidi eziyi-1.5 ingagwenywa uma ukugonywa komhlaba wonke kwenziwa ngcono.

Ukuphikisana nemithi yokugoma kudala njengemigomo ngokwayo. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, kube khona ukwanda kokumelana nemithi yokugoma ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nomgomo we-MMR (isimungumungwane, umvukuzane, kanye ne-rubella). Lokhu kwagqugquzelwa ngowayengudokotela waseBrithani owashicilela idatha engamanga exhumanisa umgomo we-MMR ne-autism. Abacwaningi bacwaninge ngemithi yokugoma kanye ne-autism futhi abatholanga isixhumanisi. Bathole isakhi sofuzo esinesibopho okusho ukuthi lobu bungozi bukhona selokhu kwazalwa.

Isikhathi kungase kube yimbangela. Ngokuvamile izingane eziqala ukubonisa izimpawu ze-autism spectrum disorder zenza kanjalo ngesikhathi zithola umgomo wesimungumungwane, umvukuzane kanye ne-rubella.

Ukungavikeleki komhlambi?

Lapho iningi labantu ligonyelwe isifo esithathelwanayo, lokhu kunikeza isivikelo esingaqondile—esibizwa nangokuthi ukungatheleleki kwabantu, ukungavikeleki komhlambi, noma ukuvikela umhlambi—kulabo abangagonyiwe kulesi sifo. Uma umuntu onesimungumungwane ebengeza e-US, ngokwesibonelo, abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayi-10 umuntu angabathelela bebengavikeleka, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi isimungumungwane sisakazeke kubantu.

Uma ukutheleleka kutheleleka kakhulu, kulapho inani labantu elidinga ukuvikeleka liphezulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba amazinga okutheleleka aqale ukwehla.

Leli zinga lokuvikela ezifweni ezinzima lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi, noma singakwazi ukuqeda ukusakazeka kwe-coronavirus maduze, sisengakwazi ukufika ezingeni lokungavikeleki kwabantu lapho imiphumela ye-COVID ingalawuleka.

Mancane amathuba okuthi siyiqede i-COVID-19 noma siyifinyelele ezingeni lokuthile okufana nesimungumungwane e-US Kodwa singakha ukuzivikela okwanele kubantu bethu ukuze kube yisifo thina njengomphakathi esingaphila naso. Singafika kule ndawo maduzane, uma sigonywa abantu abenele—futhi kuyindawo okufanele sisebenzele kuyo.

Izinganekwane Namaqiniso

Inganekwane: Imithi yokugoma ayisebenzi.

Iqiniso: Imithi yokugoma ivikela izifo eziningi ebezigula kakhulu abantu. Manje njengoba abantu sebegonyelwa lezo zifo, azisavamile. Isimungumungwane yisibonelo esihle.

Inganekwane: Imithi yokugoma ayiphephile.

Iqiniso: Ukuphepha kwemithi yokugoma kubalulekile, kusukela ekuqaleni kuye ekugcineni. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, inqubo eqinile iqondiswa yi-US Food and Drug Administration.

Inganekwane: Angiyidingi imithi yokugoma. Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kwami ​​​​kungcono kunomgomo.

Iqiniso: Izifo eziningi ezingagwemeka ziyingozi futhi zingadala imiphumela engapheli. Kuphephe kakhulu—futhi kulula—ukuthola imithi yokugoma esikhundleni salokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugonywa kukusiza ukuthi ungasabalalisi lesi sifo kubantu abangagonyiwe abaseduze nawe.

Inganekwane: Imithi yokugoma ihlanganisa inguqulo ebukhoma yegciwane.

Iqiniso: Izifo zibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane. Imithi yokugoma ikhohlisa umzimba wakho ukuba ucabange ukuthi unegciwane elibangelwa isifo esithile. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba yingxenye yegciwane lokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi, inguqulo yegciwane ebuthakathaka.

Inganekwane: Imithi yokugoma inemiphumela emibi engemihle.

Iqiniso: Imiphumela engemihle ingavama ngemithi yokugoma. Imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona ihlanganisa ubuhlungu, ububomvu, nokuvuvukala eduze kwendawo yomjovo; umkhuhlane wezinga eliphansi elingaphansi kwamadigri ayi-100.3; ikhanda elibuhlungu; kanye nokuqubuka. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayitholakali kakhulu futhi kunenqubo yezwe lonke yokuqoqa lolu lwazi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yini engavamile, sicela wazise udokotela wakho. Bayakwazi ukubika lolu lwazi.

Inganekwane: Imithi yokugoma idala ukuphazamiseka kwe-autism spectrum.

Iqiniso: Kunobufakazi bokuthi imigomo ungabangeli i-autism. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwama-20 edlule lwaqala lwaphakamisa ukuthi imithi yokugoma idala ukukhubazeka okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Autism spectrum disorder. Nokho, lolo cwaningo luye lwafakazelwa ukuthi lungamanga.

Inganekwane: Ukugoma akuphephile ukuthi ungatholwa ukhulelwe.

Iqiniso: Empeleni, okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Ikakhulukazi, i-CDC incoma ukuthi kutholwe umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (hhayi inguqulo ebukhoma) kanye ne-DTAP (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, nokukhwehlela). Le mithi yokugoma ivikela umama kanye nosana olukhulayo. Kuneminye imithi yokugoma engatuswanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa nawe ngalokhu.

familydoctor.org/vaccine-myths/

 

Resources

ibms.org/resources/news/vaccine-preventable-diseases-on-the-rise/

I-World Health Organization. Izinsongo eziyishumi kumpilo yomhlaba wonke ngo-2019. Ifinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 5, 2021.  who.int/news-room/spotlight/2019-insongo-to-global-health-in-XNUMX

Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, et al. Ukunyakaza okulwa nokugoma: ukwehla kwezokwelapha zesimanje. Cureus. 2018;10(7):e2919.

jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/achieving-herd-immunity-with-covid19.html