Ukuvimbela, linda… ini?

Abaningi bethu bezwa abazali bethu (noma ogogo nomkhulu) bethi, “Indlela yokuzivikela ibiza ikhilogremu elilodwa lokwelapha.” Ukucaphuna kwangempela kwavela kuBenjamin Franklin ngenkathi eluleka abasePhiladelphia abasengozini yomlilo ngeminyaka yawo-1730.

Kusasebenza, ikakhulukazi lapho sinakekela impilo yethu.

Abaningi bayadideka ngokuthi kuyini ngempela ukunakekelwa kokuvikela uma kuziwa ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Sibonakala siqonda ukuthi izinto ezifana nokuhamba okuvamile noma ukugonywa ziyingxenye yokuvimbela, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, kuningi kakhulu.

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuvimbelayo yilokho okwenzayo ukuze uhlale unempilo ngaphambi kokuba ugule. Pho kungani kufanele uye kudokotela uma unempilo? Ukunakekelwa okuvimbelayo kungakusiza uhlale unempilo, uthuthukise izinga lakho lempilo, futhi wehlise izindleko zakho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Kusukela ngo-2015, amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kuphela abantu abadala base-US abaneminyaka engu-35 nangaphezulu abathole zonke izinsiza ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvimbela izifo ezinconyelwe bona. Amaphesenti amahlanu abantu abadala awazange azithole izinkonzo ezinjalo. Sisola ukuthi lokhu kuncane kwegebe lolwazi futhi cishe kuyigebe ekufinyeleleni nasekusetshenzisweni.

Izinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela ku-2022 no-2023, cishe uhhafu wabo bonke abesifazane baseMelika beqa impilo yokuzivikela (isb., ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke, umgomo, noma ukuhlolwa okunconyiwe noma ukwelashwa), ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi bebengakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni futhi ube nenkinga yokuthola i-aphoyintimenti.

Uma bebuzwa, kwabaningi balaba besifazane, izindleko eziphezulu zokuphuma ephaketheni nobunzima bokuthola isikhathi sokubonana kwakuphakathi kwezizathu ezihamba phambili zokuphuthelwa yinkonzo.

Yini ethathwa njengokunakekelwa kokuvikela?

Ukuhlolwa kwakho kwaminyaka yonke - Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo okujwayelekile okubalulekile kwezinto ezinjengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, nezinye izimo zempilo. Kulezi zimo, ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela kubandakanya ukuthola nokulawula izimo ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza – Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, ngeshwa, akuzona zonke, uma zisheshe zatholakala, zingelapheka kalula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zinezinga eliphezulu lokwelapha. Abantu abaningi abaziboni izimpawu zomdlavuza ezigabeni zokuqala ezilaphekayo. Kungakho ukuhlolwa kunconywa ngezikhathi ezithile nezikhawu kuyo yonke impilo yakho. Isibonelo, kunconywa ukuthi bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane baqale ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-colorectal kusukela eminyakeni engu-45, kwabanye, ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho. Okunye ukuhlolwa kokuvikela kwabesifazane kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kanye ne-mammograms, kuye ngeminyaka nobungozi bezempilo. Uma ungowesilisa, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokuhlolwa kwe-prostate.

Ukugonywa kwengane - Ukugonywa kwezingane kuhlanganisa uvendle (IPV), DTaP, HIB, HPV, hepatitis A no-B, i-chickenpox, isimungumungwane kanye ne-MMR (mumps and rubella), COVID-19, nokunye.

Ukugonywa kwabantu abadala - Kufaka ama-booster e-Tdap (i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis) kanye nokugomela izifo ze-pneumococcal, i-shingles, ne-COVID-19.

Umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke – Izibhamu zomkhuhlane zingasiza ekwehliseni amathuba okuthola umkhuhlane ngama-60%. Uma uthola umkhuhlane, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nezimpawu ezibucayi zomkhuhlane ezingaholela ekulalisweni esibhedlela. Labo abanezimo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona, njengesifuba somoya, basengozini enkulu yomkhuhlane.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF noma i-Task Force) yenza izincomo ezisekelwe ebufakazini mayelana nezinsizakalo zokuvimbela ezifana nokuhlolwa, ukwelulekwa ngokuziphatha, nemithi yokuvimbela. Izincomo ze-Task Force zenzelwe ochwepheshe bokunakekela okuyinhloko ngochwepheshe bokunakekela okuyinhloko.

Kungcono ukwelapha abantu ngaphambi kokuba bagule (er)

Yebo, zikhona izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela izifo eziningi ezingelapheki; lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuba isifo senzeke (okuthiwa ukuvimbela okuyisisekelo), ukuthola nokwelapha isifo kusenesikhathi (ukuvimbela okwesibili), nokulawula isifo ukuze singasheshi noma sisigcine sibi kakhulu (ukuvimbela okuphakeme). Lokhu kungenelela kusebenza ezimeni zezempilo zokuziphatha, njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, kanye nezinye izimo zempilo yomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuhlanganiswa nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila, kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lezifo ezingelapheki nokukhubazeka nokufa okuhambisana nakho. Kodwa-ke, sibonile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ukuthi lezi zinsizakalo azisetshenziswa kakhulu naphezu komthwalo womuntu nezomnotho wezifo ezingapheli.

Asikuqondi ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kancane kwezinsizakalo zokuvimbela. Thina, njengabahlinzeki, singase futhi siphazanyiswe ukuphuthuma kwansuku zonke kokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo. Inani lezinsizakalo ezinconyiwe lidinga isikhathi eside ukuhlela nokulethwa. Lokhu futhi kuwumphumela wokushoda ezweni lonke kubasebenzi bokunakekela okuyisisekelo.

Ukuvimbela izifo nokulimala kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impilo yaseMelika. Uma sitshala imali ekuvimbeleni, izinzuzo zabiwa kabanzi. Izingane zikhulela ezindaweni ezithuthukisa ukukhula kwazo okunempilo, futhi abantu bayakhiqiza futhi banempilo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza.

Ekugcineni

Ukuvimbela izifo kudinga okungaphezu kolwazi ukuze wenze ukukhetha okunempilo. Ulwazi lubalulekile, kodwa imiphakathi kufanele futhi iqinise futhi isekele impilo ngezinye izindlela, isibonelo, ngokwenza ukukhetha okunempilo kube lula futhi okuthengekayo. Siyophumelela ekudaleni izindawo zomphakathi ezinempilo lapho “umoya namanzi kuhlanzekile futhi kuphephile; lapho izindlu ziphephile futhi zithengeka; lapho ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye neyomphakathi inikeza abantu ithuba lokuba bakhuthale futhi baphephe; lapho izikole ziphakela izingane ukudla okunempilo futhi zinikeza imfundo engokomzimba esezingeni; nalapho amabhizinisi ehlinzeka ngezimo zokusebenza ezinempilo neziphephile kanye nokufinyelela ezinhlelweni zempilo ebanzi.” Yonke imikhakha inikela kwezempilo, okuhlanganisa izindlu, ezokuthutha, imfundo, nokunakekelwa okunekhono ngokwamasiko.

Qhubeka Uthola Ukunakekelwa Kokuvimbela Okudingayo

Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqhubeka nokugcina ukuvikeleka kwakho kwezempilo ukuze uqhubeke nokuthola ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela okudingayo. Lapho uthola iphakethe lakho lokuvuselela i-Medicaid eposini, ligcwalise futhi ulibuyisele ngesikhathi, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uqhubeka nokuhlola imeyili yakho, i-imeyili, kanye Ibhokisi leposi elingu-PEAK kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo lapho uthola imilayezo esemthethweni. Funda kabanzi lapha.

aafp.org/news/health-of-the-public/ipsos-women-preventive-care.html

healthpartners.com/blog/preventive-care-101-what-why-and-how-much/

cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0625.htm

hhs.gov/sites/default/files/disease-prev

uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/task-force-at-a-glance